Multimorbidity Flashcards
What is the definition of multimorbidity in older adults?
- A) The presence of two chronic conditions
- B) The presence of three or more chronic conditions
- C) The presence of one chronic condition and a disability
- D) The presence of acute conditions and chronic conditions
- B) The presence of three or more chronic conditions
Which of the following is NOT an effect of multimorbidities on older adults?
- A) Increased risk of hospitalization
- B) Decreased quality of life
- C) Decreased risk of adverse treatment effects
- D) Increased rate of institutionalization (nursing homes)
- C) Decreased risk of adverse treatment effects
How do clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) typically handle multimorbidities in older adults?
- A) They focus on a single condition
- B) They address all conditions equally
- C) They are tailored for every patient with multimorbidities
- D) They are focused on the patient’s personal priorities
- A) They focus on a single condition
Which of the following is a common challenge in treating older adults with multimorbidities?
- A) Predicting life expectancy
- B) Managing conflicting treatment guidelines for different conditions
- C) Ensuring all medications are affordable
- D) Avoiding nursing home admissions
- B) Managing conflicting treatment guidelines for different conditions
Why is functional status a key consideration when managing older adults with multimorbidities?
- A) It helps determine life expectancy
- B) It predicts medication tolerability
- C) Maintaining mobility prevents further decline in health
- D) Functional status is irrelevant to long-term outcomes
- C) Maintaining mobility prevents further decline in health
What is the primary goal when managing older adults with multimorbidities?
- A) Minimize medication use
- B) Reduce hospital readmissions
- C) Enhance quality of life and maintain function
- D) Extend life expectancy at any cost
C) Enhance the quality of life and maintain function
Which of the following factors contributes to variations in treatment for older adults with multimorbidities?
- A) Marital status
- B) Functional status and personal preferences
- C) Ethnicity alone
- D) Primary care provider availability
- B) Functional status and personal preferences
What is a common risk for older adults who develop multiple chronic conditions?
- A) Increased risk of medication side effects and interactions
- B) Reduced risk of hospitalization
- C) Increased physical fitness
- D) Decreased need for healthcare services
- A) Increased risk of medication side effects and interactions
Which of the following is true about the relationship between socioeconomic status and health outcomes in older adults?
- A) Individuals with higher socioeconomic status have more chronic diseases
- B) Lower socioeconomic status is associated with poorer health outcomes and shorter life expectancy
- C) Socioeconomic status has no impact on older adults’ health
- D) Higher socioeconomic status increases the risk of disability in older adults
- B) Lower socioeconomic status is associated with poorer health outcomes and shorter life expectancy
. How can a patient’s cultural background influence their response to illness and healthcare decisions?
- A) It has no impact on healthcare decisions
- B) It can lead to different preferences for treatments, such as the use of alternative medicines
- C) It only affects religious decisions, not medical treatments
- D) It always leads to refusal of modern medical care
- B) It can lead to different preferences for treatments, such as the use of alternative medicines
What is a common healthcare preference among some Asian populations, as mentioned in the case study?
- A) Preferring invasive surgeries
- B) Using alternative medicines and supplements over pharmaceutical drugs
- C) Avoiding any form of treatment
- D) Relying solely on family members for treatment decisions
B) Using alternative medicines and supplements over pharmaceutical drugs
. What is a critical aspect for healthcare providers to consider when treating patients from different cultural backgrounds?
- A) Always using the same treatment plan regardless of background
- B) Being culturally sensitive and recognizing alternative treatment preferences
- C) Avoiding the discussion of alternative medicine
- D) Encouraging patients to reject cultural beliefs in favor of modern medicine
- B) Being culturally sensitive and recognizing alternative treatment preferences
Multimorbidities affect what percentage of older adults?
- A) 25%
- B) 50%
- C) 75%
- D) 100%
- B) 50%
What impact can multimorbidities have on older adults?
- A) Improved quality of life
- B) Increased risk of hospitalizations and adverse treatment effects
- C) Reduced healthcare costs
- D) Less need for medications
- B) Increased risk of hospitalizations and adverse treatment effects
How can cultural sensitivity benefit the care of patients with multimorbidities?
- A) It helps providers enforce strict medical regimens
- B) It allows for better communication and understanding of the patient’s treatment preferences
- C) It reduces the number of medications prescribed
- D) It leads to uniform care regardless of patient background
- B) It allows for better communication and understanding of the patient’s treatment preferences
How can healthcare providers improve care for patients who prefer alternative treatments?
- A) Dismiss the patient’s preferences and follow standard protocols
- B) Collaborate with the patient to integrate alternative treatments with conventional medicine
- C) Avoid discussing alternative treatments
- D) Insist that patients adhere strictly to prescribed medications without considering alternatives
- B) Collaborate with the patient to integrate alternative treatments with conventional medicine
Which of the following is the leading cause of death among older adults?
- A) Cancer
- B) Heart disease
- C) Accidents
- D) Chronic respiratory diseases
- B) Heart disease
In older adults, how does the rate of disability differ between men and women over the age of 75?
- A) Men are more disabled than women over 75
- B) Women catch up to men in disability rates after 75
- C) Disability rates are equal between men and women
- D) Men have a lower disability rate after 75
- B) Women catch up to men in disability rates after 75
As of 2014, what percentage of nursing home residents in the U.S. are female?
- A) 41.0%
- B) 55.2%
- C) 70.1%
- D) 85.3%
- C) 70.1%
What trend has been observed in the racial diversity of nursing home residents between 1999 and 2008?
- A) Decrease in Hispanic and Asian residents
- B) Increase in white residents
- C) Decrease in Black residents
- D) Increase in Hispanic, Asian, and Black residents
- D) Increase in Hispanic, Asian, and Black residents
. What percentage of older adults in nursing homes have some form of disability?
- A) 50%
- B) 75%
- C) 97%
- D) 85%
C) 97%
By 2030, what demographic change is projected in the U.S. population?
- A) The number of people 15 years old and younger will surpass those 65 and older
- B) The number of people 65 years old and older will surpass those 15 years and younger
- C) The population of people over 65 will remain static
- D) There will be a decrease in the population over 65
- B) The number of people 65 years old and older will surpass those 15 years and younger
Why is functional status an important factor to consider when managing older adults with multimorbidities?
- A) It predicts how long a patient will live
- B) It helps determine which treatments the patient can tolerate and whether they will maintain independence
- C) It is used to decide whether to admit a patient to a nursing home
- D) Functional status does not affect treatment planning
- B) It helps determine which treatments the patient can tolerate and whether they will maintain independence
. What is the role of primary care providers in managing multimorbidities in older adults?
- A) To focus on a single condition at a time
- B) To coordinate care across multiple specialists and ensure treatments do not conflict
- C) To delegate care entirely to specialists
- D) To avoid managing multimorbidities due to their complexity
- B) To coordinate care across multiple specialists and ensure treatments do not conflict
What is one of the most common chronic conditions among older adults that contributes to high disability rates?
- A) Hypertension
- B) Dementia
- C) Arthritis
- D) Diabetes
C) Arthritis
Which factor contributes to the higher disability rates seen in older women compared to men?
- A) Women tend to live longer than men
- B) Women are more likely to avoid medical care
- C) Men are more likely to receive early intervention
- D) Women experience fewer chronic conditions than men
- A) Women tend to live longer than men
What percentage of nursing home residents in the U.S. are over 85 years old?
- A) 20%
- B) 33%
- C) 41%
- D) 50%
- C) 41%
What is one major future issue concerning the growing population of older adults?
- A) Increased population of older adults leading to greater burden on healthcare systems
- B) Decline in life expectancy due to chronic conditions
- C) Reduced disability rates among older adults
- D) Decreasing numbers of nursing home residents
- A) Increased population of older adults leading to greater burden on healthcare systems
How does racial and ethnic diversity impact the population of nursing home residents?
- A) White residents are decreasing, while Hispanic, Asian, and Black residents are increasing
- B) All racial groups have shown a steady decline in nursing home residency
- C) White residents are increasing, while minority groups are decreasing
- D) Racial and ethnic diversity has no impact on nursing home demographics
- A) White residents are decreasing, while Hispanic, Asian, and Black residents are increasing
. What is a key consideration when evaluating prognosis for older adults when determining treatment?
- A) Life expectancy and quality of life
- B) Family history of illness
- C) The patient’s age alone
- D) Ability to afford care
- A) Life expectancy and quality of life
- When managing multiple chronic conditions, what is a primary concern regarding medication management in older adults?
- A) Increased physical activity
- B) Polypharmacy and risk of adverse drug interactions
- C) Reducing the number of medications to zero
- D) Avoiding all treatments for minor conditions
- B) Polypharmacy and risk of adverse drug interactions
- Which of the following can improve adherence to complex treatment regimens in older adults with multimorbidities?
- A) Increasing the number of medications
- B) Simplifying the regimen, using tools such as pill boxes
- C) Keeping all treatments the same regardless of patient input
- D) Ignoring patient preferences to focus on treatment guidelines
- B) Simplifying the regimen, using tools such as pill boxes
Why is it important to involve older adults in shared decision-making when creating treatment plans?
- A) It ensures faster recovery
- B) It allows them to make informed choices about risks, benefits, and preferences
- C) It reduces the need for family involvement
- D) It decreases the provider’s legal liability
- B) It allows them to make informed choices about risks, benefits, and preferences
What is one challenge healthcare providers face when treating older adults with multimorbidities?
- A) Difficulty in coordinating care among multiple clinicians
- B) Having too few treatment options
- C) Managing a single condition at a time
- D) Lack of evidence-based guidelines for chronic diseases
- A) Difficulty in coordinating care among multiple clinicians
