multiculturalism Flashcards
Core ideas, theories and doctrines
When a state has a diverse set of cultural groups which is accepted and cultural unity is preferred
Key concepts associated w Multiculturalism (x4)
Diversity- there is not one overarching dominant culture and a multiplicity of cultures
Toleration- cultural diversity is tolerated, people are allowed to be themselves in society without judgement and allows cultural pluralism to live and thrive.
Plurality- when a range of communities share power and can all contribute to political agenda and many views are regarded in the decision making process
Minority rights- certain rights and liberties protect minorities that live in communities
Emergence of multiculturalism in the 1960’s-
reasons why?
Due to nationwide rebellion against authority and orthodoxy- changing social attitudes .
Emergence of multiculturalism-
two types that developed through this time period?
Liberation movements- developed within cultural minorities that were being oppressed- civil rights movements, women and gay rights- sought to seek a fairer and more equal society.
Regional Nationalism-wanted separation and independence from majority community (Basque Country)due to the significance of their culture and wanting representation .
Emergence of multiculturalism-
Immigration
The post war boom saw many people move to developing countries and taking advantage of economic opportunities but were often met with hostility- wanted equal cultural respect.
A new consensus?
Multiculturalism had been accepted by emerging third way movements of the centre left and became involved in mainstream politics giving people the voice they always wanted however after recent terrorist attacks many began to re evaluate as some believed it allowed non-liberal viewpoints rather than progressive diversity.
Future Prospects
Fortunes linked to globalisation as capital goods are moved across the world, enducing integration and is likely to keep involved in mainstream politics for years to come.
Multiculturalist views-
Communitarianism
belief that individuals are shaped by their communities
Regards individualism as creating greed and selfishness with lack of respect for others, and that this had led to the decline of society.
Etzioni believes that people flourish when in a large community, and creates social solidarity.
Multiculturalist views-
Forms of Communitarianism
(x3)
1) Left wing- favoured by anarchists and socialists, brings well rounded people
2) Centrist- communities strongest when there is a balance of social rights- associated with one nation conservatism.
3) Right Wing- want to respect authority and tradition- associated with Tory policies
How have liberals criticised communitarianism?
For neglect of individual freedoms and that it can be used to preserve illiberal cultures,practices and beliefs
Multiculturalist views-
Post Colonialism
Ideas associated with independence movements of the 19th and 20th centuries
Passing on Eurocentric ideals to other cultures under colonial rule
“Opposition of universalism” belief that an idea is possible in all locations, but they believed different cultures required dif rules and regulations
Multiculturalist views-
post colonialism- Particularism
Belief that Dif communities have Dif cultures
None of these are better than others or worse
Each culture is suited to that community and any imposition is likely to lead to problems
Edward Said- concept of Orientalism
Outlined the way in which Europeans had degraded the people of the east, and promoted west beliefs were equal to those of the East.
Identity Politics
Defintion
Where the political inclinations of individuals are based on the community around them, usually taking into account religion, nationality, language and gender.
Identity Politics-
Left-right politics
Modern day politics has become linked to the class that you are in in society and an association of right and left viewpoints
This has created a clear difference in politics
Left parties are more liberal, favouring redistribution of resources and egalitarian society whereas the right prefers to protect those that have resources
