Multicellularity .2

Question 1

Chaos carolinenis

Answer 1

5mm amoeba

Question 2

Trichoplax

Answer 2

1mm across
no organs or internal structures
multicellular

Question 3

Advantages of industrialisation

Answer 3

• can specialise
  separation of the division of labour, making things more productive
  -specialised germline can be maintained to keep the genome as mutation-free as possible

Question 4

example of specialisation in jellyfish

Answer 4

Stinging cells of jellyfish is shaped like a harpoon

if under pressure it shoots out

Question 5

Why is specialisation needed

Answer 5

Because otherwise wouldnt be able to divide and reproduce.

specialisation delegates reproduction to the germline freeing up other somatic cells for other functions

Question 6

Boulengerula taitanus

Answer 6

Amphibian

when breeding the mothers skin changes. Specialised skin cells become larger and full of fat

Question 7

Genetic level of specialisation

Answer 7

• Specialised cells means you need a larger genome and a way to switch genes on and off

so need a multipupose genome,
control over genes, and
network- transcription factors

Question 8

Examples of when organisms come together

Answer 8

Portuguese jellyfish - manawar - is four different animals making up the whole jellyfish

Ants- grow into specialised types of ants (fighting, foraging, food stores)

Question 9

Mulitcellularity can break down

Answer 9

e. g cells becoming cancer cells
- dropping multicellularity and growing for self

e.g plasmanian devil - tumour that isnt that devils cells - transmissible cancers during fighting

HeLa cells continue to grow

Mixazoa - parasitic animal in fish
genome sequencing shows descendance from jellyfish
lost multicellularity