Multi-store model of memory, (CP) Flashcards

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1
Q

Define information processing

A

The way information flows through a system such as memory. Cognitive psychologists believe that our brains process information in the same way as computers ie input, processing, output. In this way cognitive processes work in explainable and predictable ways

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2
Q

Define storage

A

The process by which memories are retained in order to be accessed at a later date – can be temporary eg SM and STM or permanent eg LTM

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3
Q

Define duration

A

how long this store can retain information for

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4
Q

Define capacity

A

how much information this store can retain

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5
Q

Define encoding

A

the form in which the memory is retained

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6
Q

Define maintenance rehearsal

A

acoustically repeating knowledge in your head

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7
Q

Define elaborative rehearsal

A

process of linking new information to existing information and fully understanding the meaning of the information to be successfully retained in long-term memory

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8
Q

Define retrieval

A

process by which memories are accessed at a later date

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9
Q

Define decay

A

information that fades over time

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10
Q

Define displacement

A

an explanation of forgetting in short-term memory suggesting one memory can get ‘overwritten’ by another piece of information due to the lack of capacity

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11
Q

Define interference

A

process affecting retrieval whereby specific memories will get recalled instead of the intended, target memory

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12
Q

Summary of SM, STM, LTM (capacity, duration, encoding, how info is lost)

A

SM:
- Capacity = high
- Duration = less than a second
- Encoding = sensory e.g. touch
- How info is lost = decay

STM:
- Capacity = 7±2 items (5-9 items)
- Duration = 18-30 seconds
- Encoding = acoustically
- How info is lost = decay or displacement

LTM:
- Capacity = unlimited
- Duration = 30+ seconds - lifetime
- Encoding = semantically
- How info is lost = interference

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13
Q

Strengths of multi-store model

A

There is evidence from case studies of people with brain damage that support the distinction between STM and LTM.

Clive Wearing:
- had less than 30s memory. Sometimes less than 7s
- while giving answer, already forgotten the question
- severe case of amnesia
- doesn’t believe he’s seen a doctor
- nothing goes to and from his short term memory
- know he has kids but cannot link any information to them e.g. what they are currently doing in their lives

This demonstrates the existence of separate STM and LTM stores as suggested by the Multi-store Model as damage to STM is preventing the transfer of memories to the LTM.

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14
Q

Weaknesses of multi-store model

A

I - A problem with MSM is that its description of STM may be too simplistic.
J - Dual task experiments show that we perform poorly when trying to complete two similar tasks at the same time (eg two verbal tasks), but that we perform well when doing two tasks of a different nature (eg on verbal and one visual). This dual capacity cannot be explained by MSM as it suggests that the limited capacity of STM is not dependent on the type of information.
E -Therefore Working Memory may be a better explanation as it explains dual task performance and is seen as a more dynamic model of STM.

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