Multi Store model of memory Flashcards
who made the multi store model
Atkinson and Shriffin
The three stores of THE MSM
Sensory register
Short-term memory
Long term memory
what is the sensory register
where all our sensory info is passed to and stored the
the sensory info is our five senses
what is coding
how memory is stored
the two types of coding in the sensory register
Iconic memory
echoic memory
what is capacity
how much data can be held in memory store
SR capacity
very high capacity
what is duration
how long a memory is held
what is attention
a link between SR and STM
if attention is paid it then goes into your STM
What is STM
memory used for present and immediate tasks
coding of STM
acoustic
capacity of STM
limited miller suggets 5-9 items
duration of STM
around 18 seconds unless rehearsed
what can rehearsal of memory lead to
memory passing over form STM to LTM
two types of rehearsal
Maintenance and elaborative
mainetenance rehearsal
is surface lvl repetition
elaborative rehearsal
deeper processing
what is LTM
permanent memory store of past events
how to recall info passed into LTM
through retrieval
coding LTM
semantically based on meaning
capacity LTM
potentially unlimited
duration LTM
lifetime
but can forget through displacement from STM or LTM decay
MSM AO3: controlled lab studies on capacity coding duration having separate memory stores
controlled lab studies on capacity coding and duration having separate memory stores
Baddeley (1966):
Tested recall in four groups with different word lists.
Found acoustic similarity caused confusion in STM.
Found semantic similarity caused confusion in LTM.
suggests LTM and STM have different coding processes
MSM AO3: HM case study
HM underwent brain surgery to treat epilepsy, resulting in the removal of his hippocampus.
After surgery:
He could recall LTM from before the operation.
He was unable to form new memories, indicating that STM could not transfer to LTM.
This suggests that the brain uses separate regions or structures for STM and LTM
MSM AO3: too simple
research believes that there’s many stores of LTM and STM instead of them being unitary
WMM seemed as better
MSM oversimplifies complexity of memory processes
MSM AO3: uses fake tasks
recalling string of digits and letter can be seen as artificial task eg baddeley used artificial stimuli than meaning material
may not reflect how memory work irl scenarios
so lacks ecological validity
three stores of LTM
episodic
semantic
procedural
episodic memory
recall personal events in the life of a person
eg what i had for dinner
often time stamped remember emotions felt and the wider context
semantic memory
recall facts and meaning of the world around us eg that 2x10=20
not time stamped
not personal
procedural memory
how to carry out tasks eg ride a bike
little conscious thought
formed through lots of practice and skills
LTM AO3: lots of evidence
case study of HM
show episodic memory was affected but semantic and procedural were not
LTM stores AO3: brain scan evidence
episodic memory with hippocampus
semantic with temporal lobe
procedural with cerebellum
evidence has high reliability since objective
LTM stores AO3: HM study cannot be generalised
cannot be generalised from immediate subject since sample is only of one person cant be representative of wider population weakens support
LTM stores AO3: cross overs
cross overs between episodic and semantic memories eg learning french at school
suggests that LTM is more complex
