Multi Store Model

Question 1

What are the 3 stores of the MSM? What do they store?

Answer 1

Sensory memory: uncoded sensory input
STM: acoustic/visual stimuli
LTM: mainly semantic info

Question 2

What is the capacity and duration of sensory memory?

Answer 2

as much as the senses can register (quite little)

a few seconds (until new stimuli presented)

Question 3

What is the capacity and duration of STM?

Answer 3

Limited capacity, repeated info transferred to LTM

A few pieces of info for a brief period of time

Question 4

What is the capacity and duration of LTM?

Answer 4

no upper limit on capacity

can last lifetime

Question 5

How is information transferred from sensory store to STM? What happens if this info isn’t transferred?

Answer 5

Recoding process, info lost without this

Question 6

How do STM and LTM interact?

Answer 6

STM rehearsal means info transferred to LTM, info is retrieved from LTM to deliver to STM

Question 7

How is information lost from STM and LTM?

Answer 7

STM: info lost through decay/displacement
LTM: info lost through decay, retrieval failure, interference

Question 8

Who made the MSM?

Answer 8

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 9

Who supports encoding in MSM?

Answer 9

Conrad 1964:

acoustic confusion errors suggest STM relies on acoustic, similarity in meaning doesn’t affect

Question 10

Who supports capacity in MSM?

Answer 10

Miller 1956:
7 pieces (+-2) max. for STM, lines of digits (increase by 1 each time) average is 5-9

Question 11

Who supports duration in MSM?

Answer 11

Peterson and Peterson 1959:

trigrams (CPW) given task between shown trigram and having to recall, 90% less success after 18s, STM duration 20s max.

Question 12

What are the 2 strengths of the MSM?

Answer 12

Distinguishes between STM and LTM and their capacity, duration and encoding
Experiments provide evidence for separate memory stores

Question 13

What case study supports the distinguishes that MSM makes?

Answer 13

Milner 1966:

Studied HM - man with memory impairment after brain surgery, couldn’t lay down new memories

Question 14

What study supports the idea of separate memory stores in MSM?

Answer 14

Glanzer and Cunitz 1966:

20 word list to repeat back in any order, primacy and recency effects (words at beginning and end recalled)

Question 15

What are the 3 weaknesses of MSM?

Answer 15

Too simplistic and inflexible, flow of information is interactive rather than sequential as shown by MSM, new knowledge acquired without conscious rehearsal sometimes

Question 16

Who conducted research into rehearsal and MSM to unsupport it?

Answer 16

Craik and Lockhart 1972:

transfer to LTM doesn’t rely on how much repetition done but on how meaningful repetition is