Multi Store Model Flashcards
who propsed the multi store model ?
Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968
define capacity
the amount of information that is held
define duration
how long the information is stored for
define coding/encoding
the way/form in which the information is represented
how does information travel in the multi store model
in a linear way throuh three unitary stores
how is the senory register store coded
- through an individuals senses
- eg: info from sight enters the inonic store
what is the capacity and duration for the sensory reister store
- capacity - unlimited
- duration - limited (info decays after a few seconds)
how is information lost in the sensory memory
lost throuh decay
How is information coded in STM ?
Information is coded acoustically through a sound format
What was the procedure Baddeley’s experiment on coding
Ppts presented with a list of words. List 1 simular sounding words. List 2 dissimilar soundingh words. Ppts had to recall as many words as possible immediately after presentation.
What were the findings and conclusions for Baddeley’s experiment
The immediate recall system (STM) was better for dissimilar soundiong words (80% recall) than simular sounding words (10% recall)
STM codes information according to acoustic sound rather than meaning
What is the capacity of STM ?
5-9 items
Unless chunking occurs to increase capacity
What was the procedure for millers capacity study
Ppts given words and digits to learn and recall
What were the findings for Millers experiment ?
Most able to recall between 5-9 items
Eg: string digit of 5476 contains 4 bits
What was the conclusions for Millers experiment
STM has a limited capacity, cannot hold more than 7 items on average unless the information is chunked together into meaningful items
What is the duration for STM ?
Limited duration of 20 seconds unless maintenance rehearsal occurs
Explain the procedure for Peterson and peterson’s experiment
Ppts presented with triagams, had to recall them after a period of time. To prevent rehearsal, Ppts were asked to count back in threes. Ppts were asked to recall trigrams after intervals to measure duration of STM
What were the findings of Peterson and Peterson’s experiment
Longer the delay, fewer trigrams recalled.
80% were recalled after 3 seconds. 10% recalled after 18 seconds
What conclusions were drawn from Peterson and Peterson’s research
STM has a limited duration when rehearsal is prevented. Information is lost from STM as it decays over time. Elaboratively rehearsing can increase duration
How is information forgot in STM
STM is forgotten through displacement
Info that is elaborately rehersed will be transferred into LTM
How is LTM coded
Semantically through making sense of information by meaning
Procedure for Baddeley’s experiment on coding
Participants were presented with a list of words. One list had simular sounding words and one with dissimilar.
Participants then had to recall as many words as possible after 20 minutes
What were the findings for Baddeley’s experiment on coding
When asked to recall words 20 minutes later, participants recalled Moore dissimilar sounding words (55%) compared to similar
What were the conclusions for Baddeley’s experiment on coding
LTM codes information according to semantic meanings rather than simply sound
Semantic confusion (caused by simular sounding words) means the info is less likely to be remembered accurately
