Multi-store model Flashcards
What are the three components of MSM
sensory, STM, LTM
Give details of the sensory memory
C - high capacity. there are over a million cells in one eye all storing data
D - less then half a second
E - sensory organs ie when someone speaks sound enters sensory memory. if we pay attention it is passed into STM otherwise it will decay.
Give details on STM
C 7 +- 2 pieces of information
D 18-30 seconds
E acoustically - ie someone asks a question, it enters STM (as you pay attention to it) if you get distracted it gets displaced and you forget the memory. Baddeley found that any mistakes in encoding where often acoustically due to mistakes in hearing.
Who discovered this model of memory
Attkinson and shiffrin
give details of LTM
E semantically ie remembering a film from your childhood
D forever
C unlimited
if the memories are not retrieved from LTM it may decay overtime.
Give research to support sensory memory. how good is the research?
Sperlings - flashed letters for 50milliseconds to ppts, who were able to recall letters from sensory memory.
high reliability - standardised procedure. 0.45 inches tall 22inches away can be repeated.
Give research to support STM. how good is the research?
Miller - proposed 7+-2. he tested immediate memory and found the limit was on average 7 digits. chunking information as one piece of info can help with recall of more information (this way it only counts as one piece of information). the age of ppts lowered the usefulness of the study as it had low generalisability.
describe how STM move into LTM.
Maintenance rehearsal. rehearsal of a piece of information over and over again until we can remember it. ie phone number, we repeat in our head until it remains in our memory.
give a criticism of maintenance rehearsal. how good is the research.
Watkins the number of times words in a list were rehearsed was unrelated to the number recalled. had low mundane realism, low validity.
give criticism of LTM. how good?
oversimplified explanation of LTM HM had his hippocampus removed and couldn’t remember episodic memories ie his age. he could complete math questions - his procedural memory. therefore Tulving is a better explanation for the stores of memory.
what is the application.
Schools should use posters, mipmaps to help with exam prep. dementia patients have trouble moving STM to LTM so a high contact time with carers can help act as maintenance loop encouraging LTM to be formed.
