Multi-Letter Phonograms Flashcards
ai
/ā/
laid (lād)
Two letter long a /ā/ that may NOT be used at the end of English words.
ar
/är/
car (cär)
au
/ä/
author (äthor)
Two letter short a /ä/ that may NOT be used at the end of English words.
aw
/ä/
saw (sä)
Two letter short a /ä/ that MAY be used at the end of English words.
augh
/ä-ăf/
taught (tät)
laugh (lăf)
Used only at the end of a base word or before a T.
ay
/ā/
play (plā)
Two letter long a /ā/ that MAY be used at the end of English words.
bu
/b/
buy (by)
Two letter /b/
cei
/sē/
receive (resēve)
ch
/ch-k-sh/
child
school (skool)
chef (shef)
ci
/sh/
spacious (spashous)
Short /sh/ used only at the beginning of any syllable after the first one.
ck
/k/
back (bak)
Two letter /k/ used only after a single, short vowel.
dge
/j/
edge (ej)
Hard /j/ used only after a single, short vowel.
ea
/ē-ĕ-ā/
eat (ēt) - long e
bread (brĕd) - short e
steak (stāke) - long a
ear
/er/
search
The /er/ of search.
ed
/ĕd-d-t/
traded (tradĕd)
pulled (pulld)
picked (pickt)
Past tense ending.
ee
/ē/
tree
Double /ē/.
ei
/ā-ē-ī/
their (thār)
protein (protēne)
feisty (fīsty)
May NOT be used at the end of English words.
eigh
/ā-ī/
Eight (āte)
height (hīte)
Used only at the end of a base word or before a T.
er
/er/
her
The /er/ of her.
es
/ĕz-z/
wishes (wishĕz)
tries (trize)
Pleural noun ending and third person singular verb ending.
ew
/ö-ū/
flew (flö)
few (fū)
May be used at the end of English words.
ey
/ā-ē/
they (thā)
key (kē)
May be used at the end of English words.
gn
/n/
sign (sine)
Two letter /n/ used at the beginning or the end of a base word.
gu
/g-gw/
Guide
language (langwage)
ie
/ē/
field (fēld)
The long e /ē/ of field.
Friend is the only known word where the phonogram ie says short e /ĕ/.
igh
/ī/
night (nīte)
Three letter long i /ī/ used only at the end of a base word or before a T.
ir
/er/
bird (berd)
The /er/ of bird.
kn
/n/
know (no)
Two letter /n/ used only at the beginning of a base word.
ng
/ng/
sing
oa
/ō/
coat (cōte)
May NOT be used at the end of English words.
oe
/ō-ö/
Toe (tō)
Shoe (shö)
May be used at the end of English words.
oi
/oi/
Boil (boyl)
May NOT be used at the end of English words.
oo
/ö-ü-ō/
Food (föd)
Took (tük)
floor (flōr)
or
/or/
lord
ou
/ow-ō-ö-ŭ-ü/
House (howse) soul (sōl) group (gröpe) country (cŭntry) could (cüld)
May NOT be used at the end of English words.
ough
/ŏ-ō-ö-ow-ŭf-ŏf/
thought (thŏt) though (thō) through (thrö = throo) bough (bow) rough (rŭf) trough (trŏf)
Used only at the end of a base word or before a T.
ow
/ow-ō/
plow
snow (snō)
May be used at the end of English words.
oy
/oi/
boy (boi)
May be used at the end of English words.
ph
/f/
phone (fone)
Two letter /f/.
sh
/sh/
she
Used only at the beginning of a word and at the end of a syllable. Never used at the beginning of any syllable after the first one, except for the ending -ship.
si
/sh-zh/
session (se’shion)
division (di’vi’zhon)
Used only at the beginning of any syllable after the first one.
tch
/ch/
butcher (bucher)
Three letter /ch/ used after a single vowel that is NOT long.
th
/th-TH/
thin - unvoiced /th/
this - voiced /TH/
ti
/sh/
partial (par’shial)
Tall /sh/ used only at the beginning of any syllable after the first one.
ui
/ö/
fruit (fröt = froot)
Two letter /ö/ that may NOT be used at the end of English words.
ur
/er/
hurts (herts)
The /er/ of hurt.
wh
/wh/
whisper - unvoiced
Used only at the beginning of a base word.
wor
/wer/
worm (werm)
wr
/r/
write (rite)
Two letter /r/ used only at the beginning of a base word.
