Mulitcultural Music

Question 1

Immigration & Quotas

Answer 1

19th Century; EU and Arab immigrants come to US via East Coast then Midwest (auto industry)
Immigrants begins to be restricted in 1917 (reading tests, etc.)
1924 Johnson-Reed Act; only 2% off all races, no Asians, primarily racist though
Quotas not lifted until 1965

Question 2

Arab Music in the US; Immigrants Living In 2 Worlds

Answer 2

2.5 mill in US today (from 22 nations; 250,000 in Deerborn, Michigan alone)
Primarily Christians from Levant region come first
Arab Music marketed as race records (urban Arabic music; weddings, festivals, etc.)
As Arabs live in US, they sometimes feel disconnected from culture

Question 3

Arabic Musical Traits

Answer 3

Voice as model
Heterophonic (same melody, but improv and ornamentation)
Melodic mode (Maqam); scales
rhythmic Mode (Iqa)

Question 4

Arabic String Instruments

Answer 4

Ud (most important)
Qanun (23 octave system in Arabic)
Violin
Rababah

Question 5

Arabic Wind INstruments

Answer 5

Nay (Most common)

Mizmar

Question 6

Arabic Percussijon (3 most common)

Answer 6

Duff
Riqq
Tabla (dumbak)

Question 7

Arrabic Classcial Music

Answer 7

Takht ensemble (Nay, violin, ud, qanun, riqq/tabla)

Question 8

Contemporary Arabic Pop Music

Answer 8

Mix of brass, electric keyboards and drum amachines; samples imitations of traditional intrsuments

Question 9

Jewish Kleamer Music

Answer 9

Wedding’’s, balls, etc.
Played by Jewish, Roma (gypsises), etc. (Roots in those cultures)
2 waves of immigrants; 1880-1924 stopped by Jones ACt

Question 10

Klezmer (cont’d)

Answer 10

Vessel of music; a musician
a group of musicians a klezmorim
Instruments: violin, flute, fiddle, bass, hammered dulcimer, drums, clariner, tumpet, tuba,
Dave Tarras prominent klezmer; branched into jazz late in career
Klezmer Conservatory Band

Question 11

Lousisiana Cajoun Music

Answer 11

People of French descent in Lousicana
Arcadia (NOva Scotia)
Fiddle Acordian Triangle; added bass guitar, drums late
High nasal singing, yells and wails

Question 12

Zydeco; Zydeco instruments (rub board), Clifton Chenier

Answer 12

Black south Lousiaina dance music, w/ acoordian and guitar, and washboard (rub board)
Clifton Cheiner an influential zydeco artist, won a grammy