MUKTIPLE CHOICE REVIEW Q’S Flashcards by riki

Which of the following is/are tissue type(s) in the human body?

A. Epithelial
B. Fibroblast
C. Neuron
D. Lymphocyte
E. None of the above

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Where can receptor molecules for chemical signals can be found in which of the following?
A. In the membrane
B. In the cytosol
C. In the nucleus
D. B & c
E. All of the above

E. All of the above

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Which of the following ions is present in the ICF at a higher concentration?
a. Na +
b. K+
c. Ca 2+
d. Cl-
e. Na+, Ca2+, and Cl-

B. K+

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At the trigger zone, a recording shows that 8 neurons produce ESPSs of 2mV each, and 3 neurons produce ISPSs of 2mV each in the post-synaptic neuron. What is the membrane potential (Vm) at the trigger zone if all these synapses fire simultaneously?
a. -48mV
b. -60mV
c. -70 mV
d. -80 mV

B. -60 mV
= -70 mV + [(8(+2mV)) + (3(-2mV))]

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Which of the following allow the movement gases (02 and CO2) across the epithelium?

a. transport
b. exchange
c. ciliated
d. protective
e. secretory

b. Exchange

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The trigger zone in a neuron:

a. is at the axon terminal of efferent neurons
b. is a region of the axon called the final segment in efferent neurons
c. is the integrating centre of the neuron
d. ‘a’ and ‘b’
e. ‘a’, ‘b’ and “c’

c. is the integrating centre of the neuron

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The thick filament is made up of:

a. F-actin protein filaments
b. G-actin proteins
c. Troponin proteins
d. Myosin proteins
e. Tropomysosin proteins

D. Myosin proteins

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As ATP binds to the myosin head during the crossbridge cycle, the myosin head immediately

a. Releases actin
b. Initiates binding with actin
c. Enters the rigor state
d. Swivels
e. b and c

a. Releases actin

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Which of the following are energy sources for skeletal muscle contraction

a. Oxidative metabolism
b. Glycolysis
c. Creatine phosphate
d. b and c
e. a, b, and c

e. a, b, and c

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Stretching a myocardial cell
a. Only decreases the force of a contraction
b. Only increases the force of contraction
c. Only allows more Ca2+ to enter
d. a and c
e. b and c

e. b and c

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The base of the heart is
a. Found at the bottom of the heart
b. Found at the top of the heart
c. Where the major vessels attach
d. A. And C.
e. b and c

e. b and c

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Atrial depolarization in an ECG is seen as the

a. QRS complex
b. ST segment
c. P wave
d. PR segment
e. T wave

c. P wave

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Platelets are also known as which of the following:
a. Erythrocytes
b. Megakaryocytes
c. Leukocytes
d. Thrombocytes
e. None of the above

a. Erythrocytes

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What is secreted by Type II alveolar cells?
a. Surfactants
b. Water
c. Elastin
d. Fibrin
e. None of the above

a. Surfactants

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You have asked your patient to contract their diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. Which of the following occurs in the patient?
a. The patient’s thoracic volume increases
b. The patients thoracic volume decreases
c. The patient’s lung volume decreases
d. The patient exhales
e. Choose if more than one of the other choices are correct

a. The patient’s thoracic volume increases

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Antibiotics are drugs that destroy or inhibit the growth of
a. Viruses
b. Bacteria
c. Multicellular pathogens such as tapeworms
d. A and B
e. A, B, and C

b. Bacteria

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Lymphoid tissues include….

Primary: thymus and bone marrow
Secondary: lymph nodes and spleen

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______ are the precursor cells of macrophages

Monocytes

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T cells are called T cells because they mature in the Thymus?

True, Yes.

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B and T lymphocytes and plasma cells
a. Mediate the adaptive immune response
b. are found primarily in lymphoid tissue
c. All function and behave in the same way
d. a and b
e. a, b and c

d. a and b

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This Glandular Organ that starts to shrink in puberty is known for being where the cells key to adaptive immunity develop?

The Thymus

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Which is not a characteristic of adaptive immunity?
- cell-mediated immunity
- non-specific immunity
- humoral immunity
- acquired immunity

Non-specific immunity

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Chemical signals that attract immune cells are known as

Chemitaxins

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The initial cellular defence against pathogens are the

Phagocytes

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What do interferons do?

Interfere with viral infection

The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are

Plasma cells

What type of immunoglobulins are involved in allergies?

IgE

What type of cell secretes mucus in respiratory airways?

Goblet cells (sticky mucus cells)

During **in**halation, which muscle(s) contracts to **ex**pand the chest cavity & allow air to enter the lungs

Diaphragm

How is **surfac**e tension reduced in the alveoli?

Surfactants (secreted by Type II alveoli)

What is the role of alveoli in respiratory system?

Gas exchange - regulating airflows = airways

Which gases are exchanged in alveoli during respiration?

O2 and CO2

How can CO2 be transported in the blood?

Dissolved in plasma, bound to haemoglobin, & as bicarbonate - **2+1**

A fluid sample has been obtained from a patient. Upon analysis it is found to contain a large amount of antibody of the IgA type. What type of fluid is this?

Tears

Lymphocytes that attack virally infected cells of the body are the

Cytotoxic T cells

What type of surface molecule is found on every nucleated cell in the body?

Class I MHC

Helper T cells recognize Ag’s presented on which MHC?

Class II MHC

What is an agonist?

How we describe nicotine as it binds to a nicotine c cholinergic receptor

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

Are the location of lymphocytes development

What is plasmin

A protein that digests a blot clot

What is the mucus?

The component of the airways that is made by goblet cells

What is IgM?

Made of two heavy and two light chains and are involved in the 1° immune response

What is in the blood (plasma)?

Where bicarbonate travels from the tissues of the body to the lungs

What is the beta-2 adrenergic receptor

Receptor found on bronchiolar smooth muscle that cause dilation in response to epinephrine

What is a Natual Killer cell

Immune cells that does not have specific receptors and can attack tumour cells

What are the adrenal glands

Organ that releases epinephrine into the bloodstream

What is carbonic anhydrase ?

The central chemoreceptors sense changes of pH in the cerebral spinal fluid thanks to this enzyme

Why are chemoreceptors

Able to modify the rhythmicity of the central pattern generator

What is the autonomic and somatic divisions

These are the involuntary and voluntary division of the PNS

What are the 2° lymphoid organs

These filter blood and lymph for pathogens

What is myosin and tropomyosin

The contractile protein has two binding sites to do its job and then it is blocked by this regulatory protein in skeletal muscle

What are antigen present cells (APC)

Cells that can “gobble up” pathogens and participate in “show and tell”

What is the pleural sac

Double membrane that surrounds each lung

What is the sinoatrial node

The fastest pacemaker in the heart

What are neuron and glial cells

The two main types of cells in the nervous system

What are lymphocytes

Leukocytes that have access to the lymph system

What is the trachea

This cartilaginous tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi to carry air to the lungs

What is smooth muscle

Muscle type that is slowest to contract

What is an alveoli

Tiny, thick-walled sacs of the lungs are surrounded by capillaries

What is a lack of response/immunodeficiency

Pathology characterized when the body is unable to mount an immune response

What is homeostasis

Relative stability seen in the internal environment of the body

What is skeletal and cardiac muscle

Muscle cells have a striated appearance

Blood cell that acts in innate immunity but also displays antigens via Class II MHC

Macrophage