Mughal Empire Flashcards
Who were the Mughals descendants of? (mothers side and fathers side)
Genghis Khan and Timur
How long did the Mughal Empire last for?
331 years
When did the Mughal Empire begin?
1526
Who was the first Mughal emperor
Babur
Who was the founder of Mughal dynasty
Babur
How long did Babur rule for?
4 years from 1526 to 1530
Why did Babur lay a claim on Delhi?
Because Babur thought that Delhi was his as Timur had conquered it over 100 years ago
How old was Babur when he succeeded his father as governor?
12
Which land did Babur conquer in 1504?
Kabul
When was the first battle of Panipat?
1526
How did Babur defeat Ibrahim Lodhi with only 10000 troops and Ibrahim Lodhi having 100000 troops
Babur had cannons which laid a great influence on war
After Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi, which lands did he capture?
Delhi and Agra
How did Babur establish his power?
- gifting land to nobles
- making Hindus and Muslims part of local administration
Who did Babur defeat under Rana Sanga in 1527?
Rajputs
When did Babur die?
1530
Who succeeded Babur at age of 23?
Humayun, his son
Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in which battles?
Kannauj and Chausa
Which system did Sher Shah Suri introduce and what is it about?
Panchayat system, where 5 wise and respected elders were appointed to solve disputes and maintain law and order
Which currency did Sher Shah Suri introduce?
rupee
When and how did Sher Shah Suri die?
Sher Shah Suri was killed in 1545 by accidental explosion of cannon
Who restored the Mughal Dynasty in 1555?
Humayun
When did Humayun die?
1556
Where did Humayun expand the Mughal Empire?
Northern India
How long did Akbar rule for?
49 years
Who was Akbar worked under?
Akbar was worked under his guardian, Bairam Khan
How long did Bairam Khan run the administration for?
4 years
What do historians call Akbar?
‘Akbar the Great’
The Second Battle of Panipat was between who?
Akbar and Hemu
Akbar met forces with who in 1566?
Mirza Muhammad Hakim
Who were one of the most powerful enemies of the Mughals?
Rajputs
After Akbar created friendly relations with the Rajputs, what did he appoint them as?
Mansabdars
Who did Akbar marry?
Hindu rajput called Jodha Bai
Which was the only Rajput state that did not accept Akbar?
Mewar
Who did Akbar capture which led him to capture the city of Mewar?
Uday Singh, ruler of Chittor
Which system did Akbar implant?
Mansabdari administrative system
What were Akbar’s social reforms?
Ban on slavery and the slave’s kids and wife being sold in slave market, removed tax on non-Muslims and pilgrimage tax on Hindus
Who was Jahangir?
Eldest son of Akbar
When and how long did Jahangir rule for?
1605-1627
What does Jahangir mean?
‘Conqueror of the World’
What was Jahangir’s real name?
Salim
Who and where did Jahangir imprison?
He imprisoned own son, Khusrau Mirza in Fort of Agra
What did Jahangir attach outside his castle?
‘Chain of Justice’, where bells were attached so that any mistreated citizen could use chain to reach the Emperor
What was Nur Jahan’s real name?
Mehrunnisa
When did Nur Jahan marry Jahangir?
1611
What does the title ‘Nur Jahan’ mean?
Sun Among Women
What did Nur Jahan do during her rule?
She created her own court and used her seal to mint coins
Who was Shah Jahan succeeded by and how long did he rule for?
He was succeeded by his father Jahangir and ruled from 1627-1658
Shah Jahan made a new city called ____________
Shahjahanabad
What did Shah Jahan wear and what chair did he sit on?
He wore elegant robes and sat on jewel-laid throne called the ‘Peacock Throne’
What did Shah Jahan design?
He designed the Taj Mahal in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal
Who removed Shah Jahan from the throne?
His son, Aurangzeb
How long did Aurangzeb rule for?
1658-1707
Which title did Aurangzeb use and what is its meaning?
Alamgir meaning ‘Conqueror of the World’
How much did Aurangzeb expand the Mughal empire?
He expanded it to Afghanistan and Burma
Who took the throne after Aurangzeb’s death and how long did he rule for?
Bahadur Shah I, 1707-1712
Who arrived in the subcontinent to expand control?
British
What was prominent in rural areas and urban areas?
Agriculture (rural)
Trade and commerce (urban)
What did the Mughal reforms include?
Included stoppage on slavery, permission on widow remarriage and prohibition on Satti of Hindu women
Which unique style of painting did the Mughals introduce?
miniature painting
What were lattice screens?
Lattice screens were carved in sandstone with tiny holes, screens allowed sunlight to pass into building but stopped people from looking in
Who planned the Shalimar Gardens and where is it located?
Shah Jahan, Lahore
Gardens designed with long channels to bring water to lakes, waterfalls and fountains
Who built Bagh-e-Babur?
Babur
What did Babur say about Bagh-e-Babur?
Loved his gardens so much that he wanted men to bury him in one of his gardens at Kabul when he would die
What were the dishes introduced during the Mughal Empire?
karahi gosht, kofta, mughlai chicken, kebabs, pulao and murh tandoor
Who began a new city and what did he rename it to?
Akbar began new city at Sikri near Agra and renamed it to ‘Fatehpur Sikri’
Which city is a perfect example of walled city with separate public and private areas?
Fatehpur Sikri
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