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HDID - Mycology > Mucosal, Cutaenous, Opportunistic and Pathogenic Mycoces > Flashcards

Mucosal, Cutaenous, Opportunistic and Pathogenic Mycoces Flashcards

1
Q

Tinea Versicolor: Bug, Pathogenesis and Morphology

A

Bug: M Furfur
Pathogenesis: feeds on keratin but does not elicit inflammatory response
Morphology: Spaghetti and Meatballs (yeast and hyphae)

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2
Q

Treatment for Tinea Versicolor

A

Itraconazol; Selsin Shampoo

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3
Q

Common Dermatophytes causing species

A

Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Floccosum, Trichophyton

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4
Q

Microsporum: Morphology, and common anatomical sites of infection

A

Morphology: Septated Hyphae with characteristic Dolphin Beak

Sites: All but nail bed

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5
Q

Epidermophyton: Common anatomical sites of infection

A

Tinea Cruris

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6
Q

Trichophyton: Morphology & Common Sites of infection

A

Morphology: Propagating spores; much smaller than microsporum

Common Sites: capitus, barbae, corporis, cruris

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7
Q

Tinea Capitus:

Treatment

A

Systemic: Terbinafine, Itraconazole

Topical: Selsin, Ketonazole

Sterilize fomites

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8
Q

Ectothrix:
Causal organisms
Manifestations

A

M. Canus;

Eating of hair shat with keratinase

Alopecia

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9
Q

Endothrix
Causal Organisms
Manifestations

A

T. Tonsurans

Eating of hair shaft from the bulb.

Irreversible alopecia

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10
Q

Tinea Pedis:
Causal Organism
Treatment

A

Bug: T Rubrum

Treatment:
First line - Topical Miconazole, Clotrimizale
Secondary (if extensive): Oral Itraconazole, fluconazole

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11
Q

Tinea Corporis, Barbae, Cruris, manuum:

Treatment:

A

Treatment:
first line - topicals (miconazole, clotrimazole)

Second line: Oral (itraconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine)

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12
Q

Tinea Unguium: 3 Classifications + Causal organisms

A

PSO - T rubrum (proximal)
DSP - T rubrum, T tonsurans (most common; Distal)
WSO - T mentagrophytes (least common; dorsal surface)

Often seen in HIV and other immunocompromised patients

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13
Q

Tinea Unguium

A

Oral: Terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole

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14
Q

Opportunistic Mycoces: 2 Divisions of Immuno-Compromise

A

1) Altered T Cell function – eg HIV

2) Altered Phagocytic Function - eg neutropenia

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15
Q

Opportunistic Mycoces: Disease of altered T cell function

A

Mucocutaneous Candidiasis (thrush)

Cryptococcosis

Pneumocystosis

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16
Q

Mucocutaneous Candidiasis (thrush):

Causal Bug
Characteristic Morophology
Virulence

A

Bug: C. Albicans

Morphology: Budding yeast, pseudohyphae, true hyphae
(+ germ tube)

Virulence: surface receptors, cell wall, enzymes; chitin at end of germ tube

17
Q

MucoQ Candidiasis: Treatment

A

Topical: Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Nystatin

IV: Fluconazole, echinocandins (in severe cases)

18
Q

Cryptococcosi:

Causal Bug
Virulence
Treatment

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

Virulence: Encapsulated (only one). Can cross the BBB; block drainage of CSF
Meningitis

Treatment:
Induction - Ampho B + 5fc
Maintain - Fluconazole

19
Q

Pneumocystosis Pneumonia (PCP Pneumonia):

Treatment

A

First line: Trimethroprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX = Bactrium);

Second line: Pentamidine, Clindamycin

20
Q

Opportunistic Mycoces: Disease of altered phagocytic function

A

Candidemia

Aspergillosis

Zygomycoces

21
Q 
Aspergillosis : 
Characterisitic Morphology 
Distinct Radiological Finding
Distinct Pathogenesis 
Treat
A

Morphology: Angular, Dichotomously (Y shaped) branching, septated hyphae

Radiology: Halo Sign (infarction); followed by Crescent sign (clearing of infarct)

Pathogenesis: Angio-Invasion

Treat:
Voraconazole (if liver healthy)
Ampho B (If kidneys healthy)

22
Q

Candidemia:
Diagnostic Test
Treatment

A

Deeply Invasive Candiasis:

Positive C. albicans in the blood

Treat:

  • echinocandins
  • followed by Fluconazole
23
Q 
Zygomycosis (mucromycosis) 
Common Bug 
Morphological Characteristics
Distinct Pathogenesis
Treatment
A

Common Bug: Z. Rhizupus

Morphology:

  • lab: sporangiophores
  • Broad ribbon Hyphae; little branching; sparse septa

Pathogenesis: Angio-Invasion
Parasinal –> Orbit –> Brain
Can kill very quickly

Treatment: From “A to Z”
- AmphoB with surgical reduction

24
Q

Pathogenic Mycoces: 3 bugs and their endemic regions

A

Histoplasmosis: OH/MS River Valley

Coccidioidomycosis – Desert of SW USA/Mexico

Blastomycoces – North Central and SE USA

25
Q

Histoplasmosis:
Distinct Morphology -
Pathogenesis
Treatment

A

Morphology: Intracellular, 3 micron budding structures within monocytes and macrophages

Pathogensis: Granuloma Formation
Attacks Reticulo-Endothelail Systems

Treat:

  • Itraconazole
  • Ampho B for more severe cases
26
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

  • Morphology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Treatment
A
  • Morphology: Spherules filled with endospores
  • Path: Can cross into CNS; meningitis
    formulation of granulomas
  • Treat: Itraconazole
27
Q

Blastomycosis:

  • Morphology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Treat
A

Morpho: Thick double wall with broad based budding

Path: Granulomas

Treat: Itraconazole

28
Q

Name the Two Angio-invasive mycoces

A
  • Aspergillus

- Zygomycetes

HDID - Mycology (2 decks)

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