MTP 2 MIDTERM Flashcards
What is the definition of lymphatic drainage?
the use of gentle/light, rhythmic, manual techniques to pump the lymphatic fluid through the superficial lymphatic capillaries.
What are the 3 primary functions of the lymphatic system?
- Lymphatic vessels drain excess interstitial and leaked proteins from the tissue spaces and return them to the blood
- Dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins are transported by the lymphatic vessels to the blood.
- Lymphatic tissue initiates highly specific immune responses
Lymph or blood: Contains plasma and a lesser number of WBCs and platelets.
Lymph
Lymph or Blood: clots slowly due to the presence of less fibrinogen
Lymph
Lymph or blood: flows quickly
blood
Which duct receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck and chest and entire lower body?
Thoracic duct
What maintains the flow of lymph?
skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump
What are the primary lymphatic organs and tissues?
Where stem cells divide and develop into mature B and T cells
red bone marrow
thymus
What are secondary lymphtic organs and tissues?
sites where most immune responses occur:
lymph nodes
spleen
lymphatic nodules
When treating local edema present in the acute or subacute stage of an injury, lymph drainage techniques should be applied first or after general SM?
applied first
When treating chronic edema, deeper SM and MF techniques are applied when?
first
What are CIs to LD?
acute inflammation w/ infection
malignancy
untreated or recent thrombosis
untreated allergic reaction
edema due to right sided congestive heart failure
kidney pathology
damaged lymphatic system (relative to training
What are cautions to LD?
cardiac insufficiency or congestive heart failure
local application to thyroid hyperactivity
asthma, not in attack, avoid sternum
low blood pressure
traumatic injury
What is the definition of edema?
a local or general accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces
Edema due to trauma is often what?
Hot, firm, local and sometimes distal to the injury
Chronic edema feels like what in palpation?
cool due to ischemia or warm due to congestion.
maybe boggy or taut
possibly tender
What are special tests for edema?
Pitted edema test
girth measurement
What is muscle tension?
an increase in tone that is present with painful, dysfunctional muscles
What is muscle tone?
the resistance of a relaxed muscle to passive stretch or elongation
What is spasticity?
increased tone in response to stretch
What is active tone?
contractile activity is minimal in relaxed, normally innervated healthy muscle tissue
What is the vital low level, passive tension, and resistance to stretch that makes an important contribution to the maintenance of postural stability in balance equilibrium positions or when the body is supported against gravity?
Human Resting Muscle Tension (HRMT)
What are signs and symptoms of tissue tension?
mm tightness/stiffness
pain w/ use, at rest or on palpation
decreased ROM of Jts crossed by tight muscle
decreased strength/function
increased mm tone or tension
ischemia
What are the 2 types of atrophy?
true
disuse
What is the result of mm testing in true atrophy?
weak/trace or nonexistent and painless
What are CIs to true atrophy?
deep work - any work that stretches tissue
extreme temperatures
passive forced stretch
What is a spasm?
involuntary sustained contraction of a muscle
What is an extrinsic/reflex muscle spasm?
involuntary mm protective mechanis, aka mm splinting
prolonged contractions in response to pain or painful stimuli
generally when insult is removed pain goes away
What is an intrinsic mm spasm?
prolonged contraction related to alteration in circ. or metabolic functioning of the mm.
caused by trauma, emotional tension, post athletic event fatigue, cold, immobilization, inflammation or infection.
can be a perpetuating pain/spasm cycle where it stays after insult is removed.
What causes mm spasm?
pain
circulatory stasis due to reflex mm guarding
increase gamma neuron firing due to stress, anxiety, fatigue or overstretch injury
chilling of mm leading ro reflex contraction
impaired nutrition
lack of vit D
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
redness
swelling/edema
heat
pain
loss of function
What are the 2 types of healing?
primary (first intention) healing
secondary (second intention) healing
What types of scar tissue are there?
contracture
adhesion
scar
fibrotic adhesion
proud flesh
hypertrophic scarring
keloid
This type of scar is a dermal scar that extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound in a tumor like growth.
Keloid
This is a shortening of CT supporting structures over or around a joint
Contracture
This scar tissue connects two pieces of tissue that aren’t meant to connect
Adhesion
What is a mm strain?
trauma to a mm and/or it’s tendon from overstretching, overuse or violent contraction
What muscles are strained more often than others?
mm that cross 2 jts (hamstrings, gastroc, biceps long head)
What is a sprain?
an overstretch injury to a ligament
What is the most commons ligament sprained in the ankle?
talofibular ligament
What is the most common ligament sprained in the knee?
medial and lateral collateral ligaments. Medial is more common
