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MTP > MTP 2 MIDTERM > Flashcards

MTP 2 MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of lymphatic drainage?

A

the use of gentle/light, rhythmic, manual techniques to pump the lymphatic fluid through the superficial lymphatic capillaries.

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2
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Lymphatic vessels drain excess interstitial and leaked proteins from the tissue spaces and return them to the blood
  2. Dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins are transported by the lymphatic vessels to the blood.
  3. Lymphatic tissue initiates highly specific immune responses
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3
Q

Lymph or blood: Contains plasma and a lesser number of WBCs and platelets.

A

Lymph

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4
Q

Lymph or Blood: clots slowly due to the presence of less fibrinogen

A

Lymph

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5
Q

Lymph or blood: flows quickly

A

blood

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6
Q

Which duct receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck and chest and entire lower body?

A

Thoracic duct

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7
Q

What maintains the flow of lymph?

A

skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump

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8
Q

What are the primary lymphatic organs and tissues?

A

Where stem cells divide and develop into mature B and T cells
red bone marrow
thymus

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9
Q

What are secondary lymphtic organs and tissues?

A

sites where most immune responses occur:
lymph nodes
spleen
lymphatic nodules

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10
Q

When treating local edema present in the acute or subacute stage of an injury, lymph drainage techniques should be applied first or after general SM?

A

applied first

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11
Q

When treating chronic edema, deeper SM and MF techniques are applied when?

A

first

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12
Q

What are CIs to LD?

A

acute inflammation w/ infection
malignancy
untreated or recent thrombosis
untreated allergic reaction
edema due to right sided congestive heart failure
kidney pathology
damaged lymphatic system (relative to training

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13
Q

What are cautions to LD?

A

cardiac insufficiency or congestive heart failure
local application to thyroid hyperactivity
asthma, not in attack, avoid sternum
low blood pressure
traumatic injury

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14
Q

What is the definition of edema?

A

a local or general accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces

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15
Q

Edema due to trauma is often what?

A

Hot, firm, local and sometimes distal to the injury

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16
Q

Chronic edema feels like what in palpation?

A

cool due to ischemia or warm due to congestion.
maybe boggy or taut
possibly tender

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17
Q

What are special tests for edema?

A

Pitted edema test
girth measurement

18
Q

What is muscle tension?

A

an increase in tone that is present with painful, dysfunctional muscles

19
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

the resistance of a relaxed muscle to passive stretch or elongation

20
Q

What is spasticity?

A

increased tone in response to stretch

21
Q

What is active tone?

A

contractile activity is minimal in relaxed, normally innervated healthy muscle tissue

22
Q

What is the vital low level, passive tension, and resistance to stretch that makes an important contribution to the maintenance of postural stability in balance equilibrium positions or when the body is supported against gravity?

A

Human Resting Muscle Tension (HRMT)

23
Q

What are signs and symptoms of tissue tension?

A

mm tightness/stiffness
pain w/ use, at rest or on palpation
decreased ROM of Jts crossed by tight muscle
decreased strength/function
increased mm tone or tension
ischemia

24
Q

What are the 2 types of atrophy?

A

true
disuse

25
Q

What is the result of mm testing in true atrophy?

A

weak/trace or nonexistent and painless

26
Q

What are CIs to true atrophy?

A

deep work - any work that stretches tissue
extreme temperatures
passive forced stretch

27
Q

What is a spasm?

A

involuntary sustained contraction of a muscle

28
Q

What is an extrinsic/reflex muscle spasm?

A

involuntary mm protective mechanis, aka mm splinting
prolonged contractions in response to pain or painful stimuli
generally when insult is removed pain goes away

29
Q

What is an intrinsic mm spasm?

A

prolonged contraction related to alteration in circ. or metabolic functioning of the mm.
caused by trauma, emotional tension, post athletic event fatigue, cold, immobilization, inflammation or infection.
can be a perpetuating pain/spasm cycle where it stays after insult is removed.

30
Q

What causes mm spasm?

A

pain
circulatory stasis due to reflex mm guarding
increase gamma neuron firing due to stress, anxiety, fatigue or overstretch injury
chilling of mm leading ro reflex contraction
impaired nutrition
lack of vit D

31
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

redness
swelling/edema
heat
pain
loss of function

32
Q

What are the 2 types of healing?

A

primary (first intention) healing
secondary (second intention) healing

33
Q

What types of scar tissue are there?

A

contracture
adhesion
scar
fibrotic adhesion
proud flesh
hypertrophic scarring
keloid

34
Q

This type of scar is a dermal scar that extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound in a tumor like growth.

A

Keloid

35
Q

This is a shortening of CT supporting structures over or around a joint

A

Contracture

36
Q

This scar tissue connects two pieces of tissue that aren’t meant to connect

A

Adhesion

37
Q

What is a mm strain?

A

trauma to a mm and/or it’s tendon from overstretching, overuse or violent contraction

38
Q

What muscles are strained more often than others?

A

mm that cross 2 jts (hamstrings, gastroc, biceps long head)

39
Q

What is a sprain?

A

an overstretch injury to a ligament

40
Q

What is the most commons ligament sprained in the ankle?

A

talofibular ligament

41
Q

What is the most common ligament sprained in the knee?

A

medial and lateral collateral ligaments. Medial is more common

MTP (2 decks)

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