MTE Flashcards
- Resist minor earthquakes without damage.
- Resist moderate earthquakes without structural damage but with some non-structural
damages. - Resist major earthquakes without collapse but with some structural damages as well as
non-structural damages.
PRINCIPLES OF SEISMIC DESIGN
process that includes strategies for designing earthquake-resistant buildings
to ensure the health, safety and security of building occupants and assets
SEISMIC DESIGN –
A. Provide tsunami warning system
B. Provide breakwaters and tsunami forests.
C. Make a proper orientation of the buildings to produce good water steering
D. Structures must be located on higher grounds
FOR TSUNAMI HAZARDS
A. Monitor possible slope failure
B. Apply soil nailing
C. Provide properly designed retaining walls or apply jet grouting.
FOR LANDSLIDE HAZARDS
For small areas:
A. Provide drainage wells
B. Apply horizontal compaction of soil by vibroflotation or jet grouting
C. If feasible, remove liquefiable layer
For large areas:
A. Avoid the site during site planning
FOR LIQUEFACTION HAZARDS
A. Follow the provisions set by the code about seismic design.
B. Prepare a well-detailed structural plans and make sure that everything is properly
implemented during construction.
FOR STRUCTURAL HAZARDS
Avoid sites which are near major fault lines during site planning
FOR GROUND SHAKING
the region below the lithosphere, variously estimated as being from fifty to several hundred
miles (eighty-five to several hundred kilometers) thick, in which the rock is less rigid than that
above and below but rigid enough to transmit transverse seismic waves. Rocks herein move in
fluid manner because of high temperature and pressure
ASTHENOSPHERE
occur when pressure deep within the lithosphere cause the earth’s
surface to buckle, bend and even split apart
FOLDING AND FAULTING
occur when pressure deep within the lithosphere cause the earth’s
surface to buckle, bend and even split apart
FOLDING AND FAULTING
when the earth’s crust is pushed up from its sides at a very slow rate. Fold mountains occur
where the crust is pushed up as plates collide which causes the crust to rise up in folds.
FOLDING
when tension and compression associated with plate movement is so great that blocks of rock
fracture or break apart. This process can occur very rapidly which causes the ground to shake
and vibrate resulting in earthquakes.
FAULTING
weak points in the earth’s crust and upper mantle where the rock layers have ruptured and
slipped.
FAULTS
cover the whole lithosphere which made up of rigid plates that move relative to each other.
The six major tectonic plates are: American, African, Eurasian, Pacific, India-Australian and
Antartican.
TECTONIC PLATES
a weak shaking to violent trembling of the ground produced by the sudden displacement of
rocks below the earth’s surface.
EARTHQUAKE
caused by the sudden release of energy stored within the rocks along a fault.
The released energy is produced by the strain on the rocks due to movement of tectonic plates
TECTONIC
caused by an upward movement of magma under the volcano which fractures
rock masses and cause continuous tremors
VOLCANIC
increase the strain within the rocks near the
loacation of the activity so that rocks slip and slide along pre-existing faults more easily
HUMAN ACTIVITIES
where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from
each other.
DIVERGENT
where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another.
COVERGENT
where crust is neither produced nor destroyed as
the plates slide horizontally past each other
TRANSFORMATIONAL
are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth
SEISMIC WAVES
can travel
through the earth’s inner layers
Body waves
can only move along the surface of the
planet
surface waves
