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Ophthalmology > MTB 1 > Flashcards

MTB 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Presentation of episcleritis

A

Acute onset
Mild-moderate discomfort
Photophobia, watery d/c
PE: Diffuse, localized bulbar conjunctival injection

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2
Q

Presentation of Hordeolum

A

Stye

Acute infxn of gland(s) of eye

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3
Q

Presentation of Viral Conjunctivitis

A 
Bilateral
Watery Discharge
Easily transmissable
Normal vision
Itchy
Preauricular adenopathy
No tx
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4
Q

Presentation of Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A 
Unilateral
Purulent, thick Discharge
Poorly transmissable
Normal vision
Not Itchy
No adenopathy
Topical Abx
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5
Q

Presentation of Chalazion

Pathophys

A

Painful swelling progresses to nodular rubbery lesion
Obstruction of meibomian gland - granulomatous
If persistent, think meibomian gland carcinoma (sebaceous ca)

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6
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma on eye

A 
Solitary nodule on lid margin
MC malignant tumor of eye
Fair skinned ppl
Hx - sun exposure
Pearly quality, rolled edges
Bleed, ulcerate
Thinning of eyelashes
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7
Q

Itchy eyes, discharge, normal pupils

A

Conjunctivitis

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8
Q

Pain and fixed midpoint pupil

A

Glaucoma

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9
Q

Trauma and feels like sand in eyes

A

Abrasion

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10
Q

How does open angle glaucoma present

A

Gradual onset

Loss of peripheral vision = tunnel vision

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11
Q

How does acute angle-closure glaucoma present

A 
Sudden onset
Extremely painful
Red eye
Hard on palpation
Pupil does not react to light
Greater than 0.3 cup to disc ratio
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12
Q

How is acute angle-closure glaucoma diagnosed

A

Tonometry

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13
Q

How is chronic glaucoma diagnosed

A

Tonometry shows increased IOP

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14
Q

Tx for Chronic Glaucoma

A
  1. PG Analogues - latanoprost, etc
  2. Topical Beta blockers - Timolol, Carteolol…
  3. Topical CA Inhibitors - Dorzolamide
  4. Alpha 2 agonists - Apraclonidine
  5. Pilocarpine
  6. Laser btrabeculoplasty
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15
Q

TX for acute angle-closure glaucoma

A
  1. IV Acetazolamide
  2. IV Mannitol - osmotic draws fluid out
  3. Pilocarpine and beta blockers constrict pupil, increase drainage
  4. Laser Iridotomy
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16
Q

What is keratitis

A

Infxn of cornea

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17
Q

Presentation of Herpes Keratitis

A

Red
Swollen
Painful

18
Q

Test for Herpes Keratitis

A

Fluorescein staining - confirms dendritic pattern

19
Q

TX for Herpes Keratitis

A

Oral Acyclovir, Famiclovir, Valacyclovir
Topical antiherpetic: trifluridine, idoxuridine
Do NOT use steroids = worsen

20
Q

Presentation for CMV Retinitis

A

Painless

Fundoscopic exam: hemorrhages, fluffy granular lesions around retinal vessels

21
Q

TX for cataracts

A

Surgically remove the lens

22
Q

What is a vitreous hemorrhage

A 
Sudden
Loss of vision
Onset of floaters
MCC - DM Retinopathy
Fundus - Hard to visualize
23
Q

Presentation of retinal detachment

A 
Sudden
Painless
Unilateral loss of vision
Floaters
"curtain coming down"
24
Q

Etiology of retinal detachment

A

Trauma
Myopia
Diabetic retinopathy

25
Q

TX for retinal detachment

A

Reattachment via:

Mechanical methods - surgery, laser, cryotherapy, injection of gas

26
Q

MCC blindness in older individuals in U.S.

A

Macular Degeneration

27
Q

How does Macular Degeneration present

A

Bilateral Visual loss
Older pts
Normal external appearance of eye
Loss of Central vision

28
Q

Best initial TX for Macular Degeneration

A

VEGF Inhibitors - Ranibizumab, Bevacizumab

Vit C, E, Zinc, Copper, B-Carotene

29
Q

Retinal vessel Occlusion Presentation

A

Sudden
Painless
Loss of vision - Monocular

30
Q

Retinal Artery v. Retinal Vein occlusion

A

Artery -Cherry Red Spot in fovea

Vein - more gradual, Cotton wool spots, retinal hemorrhages

31
Q

Cherry Red Spot

A

Retinal Artery Occlusion
Tay Sachs
Neiman Pick

32
Q

Tx for Retinal Artery occlusion

A

100% Oxygen
Acetazolamide
Thrombolytics

33
Q

TX for Retinal Vein occlusion

A

Laser Photocoagulation

34
Q

What are Cataracts

A

Clouding of lens
Progressive vision loss
Difficulty w night driving
opacity of lens, decreased red reflex

35
Q

Red eye + CVD

A

Uveitis

Scleritis

36
Q

Red eye + corneal ulceration

A

HSV Keratitis

37
Q

Red eye + itching

A

Allergic

38
Q

Red eye + colored halos

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

39
Q

Red eye + Preauricular LN

A

Viral

40
Q

Red eye + dry eyes

A

Keratoconjunctivitis

Sjogrens

41
Q

Red eye + shallow anterior chamber

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

Ophthalmology (1 decks)

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