MTA Flashcards
Every Employee should be encouraged to see themselves as an agent of ______
Change
Motivation and Creativity lead to ____
Innovation
Organisation are made up of people with different _______ , _________ , __________ & _________
attributes
needs
motivation
aspiration
__________ is about doing something new or doing something in a new way that creates value for an
organization, group or wider society
Innovation
__________ can evoke strong defensive reactions. To seek to secure something familiar is a common response
Change
The Coping cycle has 5 phases, list them
1- Denial
2- Defense
3- Discarding
4- Adaptation
5- Internalization
Leaders and agents who are involved in introducing change need to be aware of fluctuations in _________, ________ & _____________
self-confidence, self-esteem & motivation
What are the drivers of change? list 5
- Fast and frequent technological change
- Globalization of production of goods and services,
markets and competition - Cheaper communication and distribution
supported by the revolution in information and
communication technology - Government deregulation, including privatization
and legislation to promote competition - Changes in society and demography
- The competition for scarce natural resources
- Ecological concerns
- Competition
- Mergers, acquisitions and restructuring activity
List the 4 zones of The Changing Organizational Context:
- Zone 1 is the inner circle: you and your immediate working environment.
- Zone 2: the other departments, management
structure, human, physical and financial resources. - Zone 3: customers, suppliers and local factors.
- Zone 4: social trends, the national and international
economic climate, national government policy,
global marketplace, technological innovation
and environmental and ethical factors.
Strategic planning has 3 stages:
1- Strategic analysis: Carrying out analysis of the organisation’s external context and it’s internal conditions and the resources as its disposal
2- Strategic choices: Identifying and developing different strategic choices and evaluating their benefits to the organization
3- Strategic implementation: Implementing the preferred strategy
The 4 Key Questions of strategic planning:
Question 1: Where are we now?
Question 2: Where do we want to be?
Question 3: How will we get there?
Question 4: How can we measure progress and stay on track
A mission statement describes the purpose of the organization and should answer the following questions:
Why does our organization exist?
What sort of business are we in?
What values and guiding principles support what we do?
Zone 3 & Zone 4 uses STEEPLE or SWOT?
STEEPLE
What is STEEPLE, SWOT analysis?
STEEPLE: Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental, Political, Legal and ethical analysis
SWOT: Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
The three major criteria are:
- Suitability – do the proposals address the circumstances in which the organization is operating?
- Acceptability – do the proposals offer a good return on the investment (ROI) and present an acceptable level of risk and will stakeholders
react favourably? - Feasibility – can the proposed outcomes of the change program actually be achieved? Are the necessary resources and capabilities
available?
What is Project?
Project: is a temporary endeavour involving a connected sequence of activities and a range of resources, which is designed to achieve a specific outcome, which operates within time, cost and quality constraints and which is often used
to introduce change.
All projects may be evaluated against the three generic criteria of ______ , _______ & _______ .
time, cost and quality
Project Life cycle is:
- Initiation & definition - the development of the initial goal and technical specifications.
- Planning & organization – all detailed specifications, schedules, schematics, and plans are developed.
- Execution & implementation – the actual “work” of the project is performed.
- Monitoring and review – checking progress against agreed schedules and costs.
- Closure & evaluation – project is transferred to the customer, resources
reassigned, project is formally closed out.
Process refers to?
Refers to ongoing day to day activities in an organization.
Use existing systems, properties, and capabilities in a continuous, fairly repetitive manner.
What Determinates the project success ?
Time
Budget
Performance
Client acceptance
What are the project manager responsibilities?
Selecting a team
Developing project objectives and a plan for
execution
Performing risk management activities
Cost estimating and budgeting
Scheduling
Managing resources
ToR is referred to ?
Terms Of Reference
Three main ideas must be contained in the ‘Terms of Reference’ document?
What is project about?
How the project will be delivered?
Project feasibility
What are the project stakeholders?
people and groups who have an interest in and are affected by the project and its outcomes.
Stakeholder types are:
Customer
Project Sponsor
Project Manager / Leader
Team Member
Supplier
Other Stakeholder
SMART is a reference to ?
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Result oriented
Time related
What are sources of risk?
Timing
Technology
People related
Finance
Customer
What are the strategies of managing risks>
1- Risk Avoidance: refusing a contact because the risk is too high for the benefit that could result
2- Risk Reduction: Regular reviews can help to reduce the risk associated with particular stage of project
3- Risk Protection: taking out insurance against particular events the risk might happen in
4- Risk Management: Uses written agreements in areas of potential disagreement
5- Risk Transfer: passing the responsibility for a difficult task to another organisation
