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MT1 Practice Packet Flashcards

1
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

2a

A

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2
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

4a

A

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3
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

6a

A

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3
Q

Lec 3 PS

1a

A

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4
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

2a

A

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4
Q

Lec 3 PS

1b

A

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4
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

1b

A

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5
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

3b

A

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5
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

1b

A

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5
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

8b

A

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5
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

8v

A

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6
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

5b

A

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6
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

8a

A

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7
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

7

A

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7
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

8a

A

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7
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

8ii

A

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8
Q

Lecture 2

You poll 1000 U.S. voters and ask them if they will vote Democrat or Republican in the upcoming national election. Your results show that 51% (+/- 0.5%) would vote Democrat. Answer the following question, and explain your reasoning.

What are your observational units in this study?

A

The observational unit is the unit for which data is being recorded; each observational unit has its own value for a variable. In this case, data is being collected on the voting preference of U.S. voters; this makes them the observational units of this study.

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8
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

1b

A

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9
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

9b

A

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10
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

5

A

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11
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

4a

A

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11
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

2b

A

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12
Q

Lec 3 PS

1d

A

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12
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

9d

A

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13
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

9a

A

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14
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

10

A

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14
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

3a

A

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15
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

4b

A

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16
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

2a

A

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17
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

8iv

A

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17
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

5c

A

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18
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

4b

A

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19
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

5d

A

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20
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

1b

A

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21
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

1a

A

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22
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

1d

A

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23
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

6b

A

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23
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

6a

A

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24
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

5b

A

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25
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

2b

A

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27
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

5c

A

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28
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

9c

A

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29
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

9c

A

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29
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

10

A

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29
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

8a

A

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30
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

6b

A

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31
Q

Define a confounding variable.

A

A variable which correlates (either positively or negatively) with both the independant and dependant variables.

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32
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

2b

A

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32
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

3

A

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33
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

1d

A

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33
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

8b

A

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34
Q

Lec 3 PS

2e

A

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35
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

9d

A

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36
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

9a

A

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37
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

9c

A

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38
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

5

A

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38
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

6a

A

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39
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

5a

A

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40
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

2b

A

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41
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

1c

A

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42
Q

Lecture 2

You poll 1000 U.S. voters and ask them if they will vote Democrat or Republican in the upcoming national election. Your results show that 51% (+/- 0.5%) would vote Democrat. Answer the following question, and explain your reasoning.

What is your statistical inference?

A

Statistical inference is the conclusion you make based upon your results. Since the majority of people said they would vote Democrat and the level of uncertainty is not high enough to change this, your statistical inference would be that Democrats will win the upcoming election.

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43
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

1d

A

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44
Q

Lecture 2

Define a latent variable.

A

Variables that are not directly observed, but can be inferred from other observeable variables.

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45
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

9b

A

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45
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

3b

A

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47
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

4a - vi

A

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48
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

5a

A

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49
Q

Lec 3 PS

1c

A

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51
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

9a

52
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

3c

A

See solutions

53
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

5b

54
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

10

56
Q

Lec 3 PS

1e

57
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

3

59
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

3b

60
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

4b

A

See HW1 Practice Problem Solutions

61
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

7

63
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

2c

63
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

4a - iv

65
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

1a

A

See solutions

66
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

6b

67
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

9

68
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

1b

69
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

4a - ii

70
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

2c

71
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

9d

72
Q

Lecture 2

  1. Describe a categorical variable.
  2. Give an example and explain.
A

A variable that can take on a fixed of limited amount of values that cannot be quantified (i.e. there is no “amount” of that variable). An example would be voting preference of voters.

72
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

4a

73
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

2a

73
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

5c

74
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

9b

75
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

1b

76
Q

Lecture 2

  1. Describe a quantitative variable.
  2. Give an example and explain.
A
  1. A variable that can be quantified or measured on a numerical scale.
  2. An example would be height or weight.
78
Q

Lecture 2

  1. Bar and pie plots are used to visualize __________ variables.
A

Categorical variables

79
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

1a

A

See HW1 Practice Problem Solutions

80
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

1a

80
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

1a

81
Q

Lec 3 PS

2b

82
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

3

84
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

1c

A

See HW1 Practice Problem Solutions

86
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

1c

A

See solutions

88
Q

Lecture 2

You have a data set of the numbers 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 5, and 12. Without calculating, which will be higher, the median or the mean?

A

The mean will be higher since the outlier, 12, will cause the mean to shift upwards. The median will not be as affected by the outlier.

Calculated:

Mean = 4.5

Median = 3

90
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

4a - i

91
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

1c

92
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

9b

94
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

5a

95
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

2b

96
Q

Define a population.

A

Set of individuals of interest. Also the group from which all possible samples can be drawn.

97
Q

Lecture 2

  1. Describe a continuous variable.
  2. Give an example and explain.
A
  1. A continuous variable is a type of quantitative variable that can have a “fraction” value between whole values.
  2. Examples include height (1’ = 12”), weight (fractions of a pound), and temperature (fractions of a degree).
98
Q

Lecture 2

You poll 1000 U.S. voters and ask them if they will vote Democrat or Republican in the upcoming national election. Your results show that 51% (+/- 0.5%) would vote Democrat. Answer the following question, and explain your reasoning.

What is your sample in this study?

A

The sample is a group that is drawn from the population and is the group on which data is collected. In this case, your sample is the 1000 U.S. voters polled out of the population of all U.S. voters.

100
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

9a

A

See HW1 Practice Problem Solutions

101
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

5d

102
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

8b

103
Q

Lec 3 PS

2d

104
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

10

105
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

6b

107
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

3a

108
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

5d

110
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

4b

111
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

5b

112
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

1d

A

See solutions

113
Q

Lecture 2

You poll 1000 U.S. voters and ask them if they will vote Democrat or Republican in the upcoming national election. Your results show that 51% (+/- 0.5%) would vote Democrat. Answer the following question, and explain your reasoning.

What is the variable being examined in this study?

A

The variable is the value or characteristic of each observational unit that is being examined, and can change between observational units. In this case, the characteristic being examined is the voting preference of U.S. voters (the observational units).

114
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

2a

115
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

1c

116
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

2c

117
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

4a

A

See HW1 Practice Problem Solutions

119
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

4b

120
Q

Lec 3 PS

1f

121
Q

Lecture 2

You poll 1000 U.S. voters and ask them if they will vote Democrat or Republican in the upcoming national election. Your results show that 51% (+/- 0.5%) would vote Democrat. Answer the following question, and explain your reasoning.

What is the population of this study?

A

The population is the group from which all possible samples can be drawn. Since your sample in this case was 1000 U.S. voters, your population would be all U.S. voters.

122
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

3a

A

See solutions

123
Q

Lec 3 PS

2a

124
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

4b - ii

126
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

5c

128
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

5c

129
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

4a

131
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

4a - iii

133
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

8iii

134
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

4b

136
Q

Lecture 2

Explain the difference between confounding variableand alatent variable.

A

None yet! Waiting for email from Professor Aue.

138
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

2c

140
Q

Lecture 2

Explain how height and age could be both a continuous or a discrete.

A

They can both be continuous in the sense that you can break them down into smaller units; inches can be broken down into fractions of inches, and age can be broken down into months, weeks and days.

However, they could also be discrete in the sense that both are not usually reported with fractions; if you were to ask someone their height, they would respond with feet and inches, not fractions of inches. Likewise, if you were to ask someone their age, they would respond with years, not years, months, weeks, and days (unless they were a baby!).

141
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

2a

143
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

1a

144
Q

Lec 3 PS

2f

144
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

4b - i

145
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

6a

146
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

7

A

See HW1 Practice Problem Solutions

148
Q

HW Series 2: Lab

1b

149
Q

Lecture 2

(T/F): the mean will always differ from the median

A

False

You can create a data set where the mean and median are the same, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Both the mean and median for this set are 3.

Another example would be a data set where all values are the same, e.g. 1, 1, 1, 1, 1. Both the mean and median would be the same, and so would the mode.

150
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

9c

151
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

2a

152
Q

Lec 3 PS

2c

153
Q

Lecture 2

Explain the advantages & disadvantages of using the median to calculate the middle value for a data set vs. using the mean to calcuate the middle value.

A

One advantage is that the median is not as affected by outliers, and tends to give a better middle value for “normal” observational units. e.g. for calculating income in the U.S., the mean would give a much higher middle-value income than the median due to a small group of people having extremely large incomes. Thus, middle-value income is reported as the median income.

Disadvantages to come.

154
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

2b

155
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

8i

156
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

2c

A

See HW1 Practice Problem Solutions

157
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

1a

158
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

4a

159
Q

HW1 Lab Problems

5a

A

See solutions

160
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

6b

A

See HW1 Practice Problem Solutions

161
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

5b

162
Q

HW Series 3: Lab

4a - v

163
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

8

A

See HW1 Practice Problem Solutions

164
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

3

A

See HW1 Practice Problem Solutions

165
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

4c

A

See HW1 Practice Problem Solutions

166
Q

HW Series 3: Practice

6a

167
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

7

168
Q

HW1 Practice Probs

2b

A

See HW1 Practice Problem Solutions

169
Q

Lecture 2

  1. Describe an ordinal variable.
  2. Give an example and explain.
A
  1. An ordinal variable is a categorical variable for which the possible values are arbitrarily ordered.
  2. An example would be assigning numeric values to voting preferences - say 1 for Democrat and 0 for Republican.
170
Q

HW Series 2: Practice

5a

171
Q

Lec 3 PS

1g

STA 100 (2 decks)

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