MT1

Question 1

makeup of earth’s core

Answer 1

iron, nickel, oxygen

Question 2

makeup of earths crust

Answer 2

oxygen, silicon, aluminium

Question 3

makeup of ocean

Answer 3

oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine

Question 4

makeup of atmosphere

Answer 4

nitrogen, oxygen, argon

Question 5

material types

Answer 5

cubic (NaCl), pyrite, octahedral (diamond), fluorite, hexagonal, ice

Question 6

Stratification

Answer 6

layers formed by differences in density

Question 7

mega

Answer 7

million

Question 8

giga

Answer 8

billion

Question 9

tera

Answer 9

trillion

Question 10

milli

Answer 10

thousandth

Question 11

micro

Answer 11

millionth

Question 12

nano

Answer 12

billionth

Question 13

pico

Answer 13

trillionth

Question 14

4 types of energy

Answer 14

potential, kinetic, sensible heat, latent heat

Question 15

sensible heat

Answer 15

change in temp

Question 16

latent

Answer 16

change in phase

Question 17

Return period

Answer 17

average # of years between disaster events

Question 18

Hazard

Answer 18

any event that could cause human death

Question 19

Risk

Answer 19

probability that the hazard occurs

Question 20

vulnerability

Answer 20

how badly a weakness could be affected

Question 21

compositional layers of the earth

Answer 21

crust
mantle
outer core
inner core

Question 22

temperature layers of the earth

Answer 22

lithosphere (crust and upper mantle)
asthenosphere (mantle - very ductile)
mesosphere (lower mantle - stiff but ductile)
outer core (liquid)
inner core (solid)

Question 23

elastic

Answer 23

springs back

Question 24

ductile

Answer 24

permanent

Question 25

brittle

Answer 25

breaks

Question 26

basal drag

Answer 26

friction between rigid lithosphere and ductile asthenosphere | occurs in subduction zones

Question 27

slab pull

Answer 27

cold descending plate is more dense than hot mantle | - gravity pulls dense plate down (subduction)

Question 28

ridge push

Answer 28

heating at rift raises the ridge crest - gravity pulls elevated plates down/apart - divergent plate boundaries

Question 29

fault

Answer 29

break in the rock

Question 30

convergent plate boundary (force/fault)

Answer 30

force: compression fault: reverse/thrust fault

Question 31

divergent plate boundary (force/fault)

Answer 31

force: tention fault: normal

Question 32

transform plate boundary (force/fault)

Answer 32

force: shear fault: strike-slip fault

Question 33

rift zone

Answer 33

long linear volcano (at divergent plate boundary)

Question 34

earthquake locations (biggest M to smallest)

Answer 34

1. on plate interface D: 2. on overriding plate :( 3. on down-going plate :l

Question 35

2 types of seismic waves

Answer 35

``` Body waves (though earth) Surface waves (on substance boundary) ```

Question 36

2 types of body waves

Answer 36

primary (P) waves | secondary (S) waves

Question 37

2 types of surface waves

Answer 37

Rayleigh waves | Love waves

Question 38

PRIMARY WAVES

Answer 38

fastest compressional like sound waves

Question 39

secondary waves

Answer 39

fast particles move perpendicular to wave cannot pass through fluids

Question 40

Raleigh waves

Answer 40

particles move in circles | like oceanic wave

Question 41

love waves

Answer 41

particles more side to side

Question 42

Magnitude vs intensity

Answer 42

one set magnitude (how much energy release) | intensity depends on where you are

Question 43

Richter scale vs Moment Magnitude

Answer 43

``` Richter (ML): ground motion Moment magnitude (Mm): Rock strength x fault area x fault slip ```

Question 44

mercalli intensity

Answer 44

perceived intensity

Question 45

risk=

Answer 45

hazard x vulnerability