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EOSC 114 > MT1 > Flashcards

MT1 Flashcards

Fragile systems and Earthquakes

1
Q

makeup of earth’s core

A

iron, nickel, oxygen

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2
Q

makeup of earths crust

A

oxygen, silicon, aluminium

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3
Q

makeup of ocean

A

oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine

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4
Q

makeup of atmosphere

A

nitrogen, oxygen, argon

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5
Q

material types

A

cubic (NaCl), pyrite, octahedral (diamond), fluorite, hexagonal, ice

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6
Q

Stratification

A

layers formed by differences in density

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7
Q

mega

A

million

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8
Q

giga

A

billion

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9
Q

tera

A

trillion

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10
Q

milli

A

thousandth

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11
Q

micro

A

millionth

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12
Q

nano

A

billionth

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13
Q

pico

A

trillionth

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14
Q

4 types of energy

A

potential, kinetic, sensible heat, latent heat

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15
Q

sensible heat

A

change in temp

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16
Q

latent

A

change in phase

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17
Q

Return period

A

average # of years between disaster events

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18
Q

Hazard

A

any event that could cause human death

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19
Q

Risk

A

probability that the hazard occurs

20
Q

vulnerability

A

how badly a weakness could be affected

21
Q

compositional layers of the earth

A

crust
mantle
outer core
inner core

22
Q

temperature layers of the earth

A 
lithosphere (crust and upper mantle)
asthenosphere (mantle - very ductile)
mesosphere (lower mantle - stiff but ductile)
outer core (liquid)
inner core (solid)
23
Q

elastic

A

springs back

24
Q

ductile

A

permanent

25
Q

brittle

A

breaks

26
Q

basal drag

A

friction between rigid lithosphere and ductile asthenosphere

occurs in subduction zones

27
Q

slab pull

A

cold descending plate is more dense than hot mantle

- gravity pulls dense plate down (subduction)

28
Q

ridge push

A

heating at rift raises the ridge crest

  • gravity pulls elevated plates down/apart
  • divergent plate boundaries
29
Q

fault

A

break in the rock

30
Q

convergent plate boundary (force/fault)

A

force: compression
fault: reverse/thrust fault

31
Q

divergent plate boundary (force/fault)

A

force: tention
fault: normal

32
Q

transform plate boundary (force/fault)

A

force: shear
fault: strike-slip fault

33
Q

rift zone

A

long linear volcano (at divergent plate boundary)

34
Q

earthquake locations (biggest M to smallest)

A
  1. on plate interface D:
  2. on overriding plate :(
  3. on down-going plate :l
35
Q

2 types of seismic waves

A 
Body waves (though earth)
Surface waves (on substance boundary)
36
Q

2 types of body waves

A

primary (P) waves

secondary (S) waves

37
Q

2 types of surface waves

A

Rayleigh waves

Love waves

38
Q

PRIMARY WAVES

A

fastest
compressional
like sound waves

39
Q

secondary waves

A

fast
particles move perpendicular to wave
cannot pass through fluids

40
Q

Raleigh waves

A

particles move in circles

like oceanic wave

41
Q

love waves

A

particles more side to side

42
Q

Magnitude vs intensity

A

one set magnitude (how much energy release)

intensity depends on where you are

43
Q

Richter scale vs Moment Magnitude

A 
Richter (ML): ground motion
Moment magnitude (Mm): Rock strength x fault area x fault slip
44
Q

mercalli intensity

A

perceived intensity

45
Q

risk=

A

hazard x vulnerability

EOSC 114 (1 decks)

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