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Non-Strab > MT1 > Flashcards

MT1 Flashcards

1
Q

what test is most sensitive in detecting accommodative disorders?

A

accommodative facility

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2
Q

which test indirectly evaluates a patient’s PFV skills?

NRA or PRA?

A

NRA

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3
Q

your patient has poor BI (divergence) and BO (convergence) ranges, poor BAF (with difficulty on both sides of the lenses) and reduced vergence facility (difficult on both sides of lenses). the remaining findings are normal. what condition does this patient have?

A

fusional vergence dysfunction

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4
Q

what tests should you analyze when trying to determine if your patient has an accommodative problem?

A

monocular accommodative amplitude and monocular accommodative facility tests

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5
Q

what relative findings group should be analyzed to show the patient’s ability to compensate for an exophoria?

A

PFV group

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6
Q

what condition results from exophoric greater at far than at near, a high AC/A ratio and poor BO (convergence) ranges at far?

A

divergence excess

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7
Q

what condition results from esophoria that is approximately the same at distance and near and reduced base-in (divergence) ranges at both far and near

A

basic esophoria

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8
Q

what test can you use to evaluate the ocular motor system (group)?

A
  • SCCO 4+ system for pursuits and saccades
  • DEM (fine saccadic function)
  • visagraph
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9
Q

NRA tests what accommodative and fusional vergence abilities?

A

relax accommodation and stimulate PFV

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10
Q

PRA tests what accommodative and fusional vergence abilities?

A

stimulate accommodation and increase NFV

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11
Q

if you are under-accommodating, what will you see on MEM?

A

lag

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12
Q

if you are over-accommodating, what will you see on MEM?

A

lead

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13
Q

if your patient has exophoria, what FV range will you look at to see if they are well compensated?

A

PFV ability

converging

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14
Q

if your patient has esophoria, what FV range will you look at to see if they are well compensated?

A

NFV ability

diverging

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15
Q

tests evaluating positive fusional vergence (convergence skills):

A
  • PFV
  • vergence facility (BO)
  • fixation disparity curve (BO)
  • NPC
  • NRA
  • BAF (plus)
  • MEM (lead)
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16
Q

how much convergence a patient has to use maintain single vision with NRA and binocular accommodative facility testing depends on:

A

AC/A ratio

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17
Q

tests evaluating negative fusional vergence (divergence skills):

A
  • NFV
  • vergence facility (BI)
  • fixation disparity curve (BI)
  • PRA
  • BAF (minus)
  • MEM (lag)
18
Q

why would someone with poor PFV show a lead on MEM?

A

substitution of accommodative vergence for lack of PFV

19
Q

why would someone with poor NFV show a lag on MEM?

A

decrease in accommodative vergence which decreases NFV demand

20
Q

what tests would you use for vertical fusional vergence?

A
  • supra/infra vergence

- fixation disparity and vertical associated phoria

21
Q

CISS: what is considered significant in children

A

> or = 16

22
Q

CISS: what is considered significant in adults

A

> or = 21

23
Q

CISS: what is considered significant in progress check changes

A

change of 8 or more

24
Q

who is CISS reliable

A

children > or = 8 years and adults

25
Q

when do you read the CISS to the patient

A

between 8-12 years old

26
Q

when would you consider cycloplegia?

A
  • suspect latent hyperope
  • anisometropia
  • esophoria
  • accommodative excess
27
Q

what would uncorrected or under corrected refractive errors result in

A
  • over or under accommodating
  • high phorias
  • imbalance between the eyes (decreasing sensory system)
  • blurred retinal image (decreasing fusional ability)
28
Q

norms for monocular accommodative facility

A

11 +/- 5

29
Q

norms for binocular accommodative facility

A

8 +/- 5

30
Q

norms for distance FV tests

A

PFV: 9/19/10
NFV: x/7/4

31
Q

norms for near FV tests

A

PFV: 17/21/11
NFV: 13/21/13

32
Q

vergence facility normals

A

> 15 = pass
12-15 = borderline
< 12= fail

33
Q

what prisms do you use for EP and XP for fixation disparity?

A

BO for EP

BI for XP

34
Q

formula for AC/A

A

IPD (cm) + N (m) (D’-D)
Exo= -
Eso= +

35
Q

step vergence norms for children 7-12 years old (at near)

A

PFV: 23/16
NFV: 12/7

36
Q

step vergence norms for adults (at near)

A

PFV: 19/14
NFV: 13/10

37
Q

when do you use Morgan’s vs. Sheard’s criterion

A

Morgan is best for “normal” phorias

Sheard’s is best for large Exo

38
Q

which conditions require 10 sessions of VT

A
  • accommodative insufficiency
  • accommodative excess
  • accommodative infelicity
39
Q

which conditions require 15 sessions of VT

A
  • convergence insufficiency

- fusional vergence dysfunction

40
Q

which conditions require 15-20 sessions of VT

A

-convergence excess

41
Q

which conditions require 25 sessions of VT

A
  • divergence excess
  • divergence insufficiency
  • basic esophoria
  • basic exophoria

Non-Strab (2 decks)

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