mt1 Flashcards
the scientific study of the mind and behaviour
psychology
refers to internal states and processes. cannot be observed directly but instead must be inferred through measurable responses
mind
black bile, blood, yellow bile, phlegm
hippocrates four humours
concept of humorism
a persons behaviour was assumed to be based on for bodily fluids. a persons temperament and imbalance led to certain sicknesses dependent upon which humors were in excess or deficit.
black bile
melancholic.
- sad
- independent
- introverted
- perfectionist
- prudent
- pragmatic
blood
sanguine
- cheerful
- impulsive
- charismatic
- optimistic
- affectionate
yellow bile
choleric
- angry
- ambitious
- energetic
- aggressive
- jealous
- envious
phelgm
phlegmatic
- sluggish
- relaxed
- content
- lethargic
- sensitive
- sentimental
rene decartes
- philosopher & mathematician
- argued for substance dualism
- mind-body problem
substance dualism
minds and body’s are distinct and separate substances that interact with eachother
the mind-body problem
rene decartes theory
- what is the relationship between mind and body — the mental realm ( thoughts, pains, beliefs, sensations, emotions) and the physical realm (matter, atoms, neurons)
steven blankaart
-wrote ‘they physical dictionary’
-stated anatomy was a separate study from psychology.
-anatomy was body, psych was soul/mind
- goes against humorism ( rene decartes )
wilhelm wundt
- established psychology as a distinct discipline from physiology & philosophy
- believed should be more scientifically based (physics & chemistry)
- called psych the study of consciousness
- relied on introspection
the examination of observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes
introspection
structuralism
believed the goal of psychology was to analyze the basic elements of consciousness, their structure and how the are related by breaking them down into the smallest possible components
- wilhelm wundt
- edward titchener
- the belief that the goal of psychology was to analyze the function of consciousness.
- sought to understand how mental processes helped people to adapt to their environment and achieve goals
- inspired by darwin’s natural selection
- william james
functionalism
william james
-well known functionalist
- coined the term “stream of consciousness”
sigmund freud
- invented psychoanalytics/psychoanalysis
- suggested human behavior is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts, and urges
- most theory’s were based on his own ideas and not measurable or backed up by science
psychoanalysis
- also called psychoanalytics
- a method of explaining mental and emotional disorders by investigating the unconscious elements of the mind (repressed memories)
- based on the belief that our present is based on our past
occam’s razor
- also called principle of parsimony or the law of economics
- when confronted with two or more possible theories the most parsimonious is preferred
parsimony
- the explanation requiring least assumptions
ex) a door slams could be caused by
- ghost (requires the assumption ghosts are real and can close doors)
- wind (we already know wind could close a door)
the wind would be the more parsimonious explanation
behavioural perspective
- focuses on the idea that behaviours are learned through your environment
- goal is to predict and control behaviour
- john b watson
- well known behaviourist
- believed one’s traits and skills were fully based on their environment and how they were raised “bring me a dozen healthy infants and i guarantee to take any one at random and train it to become any type of specialist”
john b watson
