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M1.1 and M2.2 Oxford > MT Exams > Flashcards

MT Exams Flashcards

1
Q

Tools involved in Short Patch BER

A

Pol Ξ² lyase, DNA Ligase III, XRCC1

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2
Q

XRN2

A

Exonuclease involved in RNA Pol II separation from template

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3
Q

Tools involved in Long Patch BER

A

Pol πœ€, Ξ², Ξ΄, DNA Ligase I, PCNA

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4
Q

Tools involved in NER

A

XPC-HR23B
XPA, XPB, XPD
XPG, XPF-ERCC1
RPA
DNA Ligase III
Pol πœ€, πœ…, 𝛿

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5
Q

TLS Polymerase

A

Pol 𝛿, PCNA, Pol N

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6
Q

Fanconi Anaemia genetic links

A

FANCD1
FANCQ
Rad51C
FANCN
FANCJ

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7
Q

FA Tools in Pathway

A

Convergence of replication forks,
FANCM,
FANCL (FANCD2 and FANCI)
FANCP (SLX4)
SNM1A
Pol Ξ–

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8
Q

Driver Cyclin

A

D

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9
Q

Mitosis CDK

A

CDK1, Cyclin B

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10
Q

G1 to S Cyclin

A

E

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11
Q

Wee1

A

inhibitory kinase

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12
Q

CAK

A

activating kinase

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13
Q

Cdc25

A

activating phosphatase

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14
Q

INK, CIP

A

CDK inhibitory proteins

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15
Q

APC/C

A

MCC prevents chromosome separation by inhibiting APC/C ubiq. ligase function

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16
Q

MDM2

A

Ubiq ligase for p53. When damage P p53 it separates from MDM2 making it more stable

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17
Q

ATR pathway

A

ssDNA - Chk1 - Wee1 - inhibits CDKs

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18
Q

ATM pathway

A

dsDNA - Chk2 - inhibits Cdc25 - inhibits CDKs

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19
Q

SPRTN

A

enzyme required to repair DPCs by removing DPC at start of the replication fork

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20
Q

PRP40

A

Splicing factor

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21
Q

What P Serine 2

A

P-TEFΞ²
CDK12

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22
Q

What P Serine 5 and Serine 7

A

TFIIH
CDK7

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23
Q

Kinases which P dsDNA break in H2A.X modification

A

DNA-PK
ATM

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24
Q

SAM

A

Used to install DNA methyl groups on cytosine

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25
Q

How are unmodified CpGs protected from DNMT1

A

CXXC domain on DNMT1
- restricts access of catalytic domain
- occurs in promoter regions

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26
Q

TDG

A

Recognises site for demethylation and excises the base leaving an abasic site

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27
Q

Readers of DNA modifications

A

Unmethylated CpGs = CXXC and MBD1 domains

Methylated CpGs = MBD domain

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28
Q

DNMT3B DNA modifications in disease

A

ICF1
(immunodeficiency)

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29
Q

DNMT2A DNA modifications in disease

A

AML

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30
Q

MECP2 Reader - DNA modifications in disease

A

Rett syndrome
(neurological)

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31
Q

Function of ALK enzymes

A

Reverse effects of DNMT1

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32
Q

Tools required for MMR

A

MutS
MutL complex (MLH1, PMS2)
RPA
Exo1 and RFC
DNA Pol 𝛿
DNA Ligase I

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33
Q

ORC6 mutation - DNA Replication Disorder

A

Meier Gorlin Syndrome

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34
Q

Van Esch O’Driscoll Mutation

A

Complete degradation of Pol A1

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35
Q

XLPDR Mutation

A

Pol A1 deficiency

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36
Q

DNA Pol E lesions in endonuclease

A

P286R
V411L

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37
Q

IMAGe Syndrome Mutation

A

Pol E pathogenic variant - CDKN1C/p57 (neg reg of cell prolif.)

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38
Q

MDP

A

Loss of Motif A in Pol D

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39
Q

Additional Firing Factors

A

GINS, CDC45

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40
Q

MCM10

A

With Hydrolysis converts inactive CMG into active CMG

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41
Q

Tools for Okazaki Fragment Processing

A

Pol 𝛿, RNAse H, Fen1, DNA Ligase

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42
Q

Termination tools

A

Dia2, MCM7, p97, TopII

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43
Q

Sic1/p27

A

Binds to S-CDK activity and inactivates it

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44
Q

CTCF

A

binding factor that binds to insulators
important cofactor on cohesin rings

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45
Q

CSK

A

RASSF1A Co-P with SRC

46
Q

RISC

A

Regulates the selective degradation of mRNA transcripts
- miRNAs that hybridise perfectly = cleaves and marks UTR for degradation
- miRNAs that hybridise imperfectly = RISC protein blocks translation

47
Q

lncRNA

A

Long non-coding RNA
- regulate translation
- cover AUG codons which prevents translation of RNA molecule
- lncRNA binds to AUG which influence selectivity of ribosomal binding

48
Q

H3K9

A

Repressed histone marks

49
Q

NANOG, SOX2, OCT4

A

Embryonic stem cell markers
These genes are NOT associated with LADs

50
Q

H2A.X P site

A

Serine 139

51
Q

Modifiers of H2A.X P

A

ATM, ATR, DNA-PK - all kinases

52
Q

Readers of H2A.X P

A

MDC1

53
Q

Erasers of H2A.X P

A

Phosphates
Cdc25 is degraded after P for the activation of the checkpoint

54
Q

Most common Ubiq linkage types

A

K11, K4

55
Q

Monoubiq chain type linkage type

A

K63

55
Q

RINGs involved in dsDNA DDR

A

RNF8 and RNF168

56
Q

RNF18-UBC13

A

Promotes K63 linked polyubiq - recognised by RNF168

57
Q

Nedd8

A

allows Ub transfer in Cullin Ring Ligases

58
Q

MLN4924

A

Inhibitor of Nedd8

59
Q

Types of SCF

A

FBXW, FBXL, FBXO

60
Q

FBXW1

A

Ξ²TrCp1

61
Q

FBXW11

A

Ξ²TrCp2

62
Q

How do FBXW recognise substrates

A

DSGXXS motif

63
Q

CDC20

A

recognises RXXL motif

64
Q

CDH1

A

recognises KEN motif

65
Q

What type of chains do APC/C assemble

A

K11

66
Q

APC/C-CD20

A

Degrades glue holding chromosomes together
Early mitosis and mid-mitosis

67
Q

APC/C-CDH1

A

Degrades everything that starts cell cycle
After anaphase
During mitotic exit
G1 phase

68
Q

Cyclin F

A

Master regulator of G2/M transition
Turns off S phase events

69
Q

When does Cyclin F accumulate

A

G2

70
Q

What corresponds with Cyclin-F

A

Degradation of RRM2

71
Q

RRM2 function

A

RNA –> DNA

72
Q

Function of Cyclin F in terms of RRM2

A

Cyclin/CDK P T33
Cyclin F recognises RRM2 via RXI
Tagged for degradation in G2/M
Blocks end of S phase

73
Q

Substrates of Cyclin F

A

EXO1
E2F1

74
Q

53BP1

A

DDR factor involved in NHEJ

75
Q

Stress responses towards EIF2a

A

PTEN
HRI
GCN2
PKI

76
Q

Brn2 function

A

Anti-apoptotic protein
mutually exclusive from MITF
Suppresses cell death - allows time for dysfunctional factors to be fixed

77
Q

Pathways that turn on Brn2 expression

A

B-catenin
Pax3
MAPK

78
Q

Shc

A

adaptor protein for TK

79
Q

Grb2

A

adaptor protein for TK

80
Q

SMAD

A

Substrate for TGF-B
SMAD-4 mutations upregulated in cancer

81
Q

inhibitory SMADs

A

6 and 7

82
Q

Impact of SMADs on TGFB singalling

A

Can trigger MAPK or cytoskeletal response once bound to TGFB
Can lead to tumour progression or regression

83
Q

What type of enzyme linked receptor is associated with TGFB

A

Serine/Threonine Kinase

84
Q

What type of enzyme linked receptor is associated with JAK-STAT

A

Tyrosine Kinase

85
Q

How are JAK/STAT Tyr Kinases activated

A

Cytokines - TPO, IFN
Growth Hormones - EPO

86
Q

What determines STAT specifity

A

SH2 domain

87
Q

Mutation involved with TPO signalling

A

V617F
CALR

88
Q

Scaffold protein for Hippo signalling

A

MST2

89
Q

Proteins involved in Hippo signalling

A

LATS1 and MOB1 - when P - binds to YAP/TAZ

90
Q

YAP/TAZ inside nucleus

A

TEAD –> oncogenic transcription

91
Q

Hippp signalling in terms of mechanosensing

A

F-actin prevents LATS from P YAP/TAZ - cell proliferation

92
Q

Hippo and Wnt signalling

A

P of YAP/TAZ –> remains in cytosol
Binds to B-catenin - prevents its accumulation - no stiffness - decreased Wnt signalling - cell cycle progression

DOES NOT OCCUR WHEN THERE IS DECREASED HIPPO/RASSF1A ACTIVITY

93
Q

Intrinsic Apoptosis pathway protein involved in activation of apoptosome

A

APAF1
- cytochrome C binds

94
Q

DISC

A

extrinsic apoptosis pathway
complex consisting of ligand and receptor

95
Q

what ligands promote extrinsic apoptosis pathway

A

Fas and TNF-a

96
Q

Caspases associated with intrinsic apoptosis pathway

A

9

97
Q

Caspases associated with extrinsic apoptosis pathway

A

8/10

98
Q

Initiation complex formed in Macroautophagy

A

ULK1
ATG13
ATG101

99
Q

Bafilomycin

A

prevents autophagosome and lysosome fusion

100
Q

chloroquine

A

prevents autophagosome and lysosome fusion

101
Q

Ferroptosis Inhibitors

A

Ferrostatin - ROS inhibitor
DFO - Fe inhibitor

102
Q

Ferroptosis Inducers

A

System X inhibitor - Elastin
GPX4 inhibitor - RSL3

103
Q

NCOA4

A

Helps Fe from ferritin go into autophagosome during ferritinophagy

104
Q

What do MTST2 and RASSF1A recruit at NE

A

RAN and XPO6

105
Q

SRP

A

SIGNAL RECOGNITION PROTEIN
nascent protein detects hydrophobic segment during biogenesis of membrane proteins

106
Q

Subcomplexes involved in COP II formation

A

Sec13,31,23,24

107
Q

Transmembrane sensors in UPR

A

IRE1, PERK, ATF6

108
Q

Binding protein for IRE1

A

XPB1 - pro survival

109
Q
A

M1.1 and M2.2 Oxford (1 decks)

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