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Immune disorders > MT A 1 > Flashcards

MT A 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Property of the human immune system to avoid attacking its own cells.

A

Tolerance

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2
Q

Organs in which self-tolerance is acquired through recognition of self antigens.

A

Thymus and bone marrow

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3
Q

In central tolerance, after antigen presentation, immature T cells become

A

T regulatory cells

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4
Q

Mechanism of the body to develop central tolerance to Ag not present in blood stream but in tissues.

A

AIRE protein creates tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) from tissular DNA.

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5
Q

Process through which T cells that do not recognize self Ag disappear

A

Negative regulation

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6
Q

T cell receptor that after being bound by an ACP B7 costimulator elicits an immune response.

A

CD28

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7
Q

Peripheral tolerance works though the expression of this inhibitory receptor that binds to CD28 on the T cells thus suppressing response.

A

CTLA-4

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8
Q

T reg cells express CTLA-4 that binds to B7 in ACP to

A

Remove B7 from the ACP

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9
Q

Regulatory T cells express this gene to inhibit responses to self antigens.

A

FOXP3

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10
Q

Cytokine that promotes differentiation of T cells from immature to T regs

A

IL-2

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11
Q

Immunosuppressive cytokines produced by T regs

A

IL-10 and TGF-B

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12
Q

Protein in intrinsic apoptosis that binds to Bcl-2 factors (Bax and Bak) to create pores in mitochondrial membrane.

A

BH3

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13
Q

Cytochrome c activates this enzyme in intrinsic apoptosis to fragment DNA

A

Endonuclease

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14
Q

Ligand in T cells necessary for endonuclease activation in extrinsic pathway apoptosis.

A

FasL

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15
Q

Substance necessary for extrinsic pathway apoptosis

A

TNF

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16
Q

Mechanism of action of central tolerance on B cells.

A

Light chain of antibody to self antigens is modified so it cannot bind

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17
Q

Gene most strongly associated to ankylosing spondylitis

A

HLA B27

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18
Q

Type of tolerance used for Ag not present in generative lymphoid organs and Ag expressed only in adult life.

A

Peripheral tolerance

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19
Q

Cells in charge if mantaining peripheral tolerance by supressing activation of lymphs for self Ag.

A

T regs

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20
Q

Death of immature cells that recognize antigens in the thymus

A

Deletion or negative selection

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21
Q

Protein of the thymus that allows medullary thymic epithelial cells (MTECS) to produce Ags of peripheral tissues.

A

AIRE protein

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22
Q

Disease of AIRE protein failure.

A

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1)

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23
Q

Cells become unresponsive to self antigens through lack of costimulation or innate immunity, or through engagement of inhibitory receptors

A

Anergy

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24
Q

Peripheral tolerance mechanism in which T cells activation will be blocked by a T reg cells

A

Supression

25
Q

Mediator that a self-reacting T cell will express in peripheral tolerance to terminate response intrinsically

A

CTLA-4

26
Q

Function of CTLA-4 in self reacting T cells to supress response

A

Remove B7 from APC leading to a lack of costimulation

27
Q

Cytokin on which T regs depend for differentiation, survival and function.

A

IL-2

28
Q

Immunosupresive cytokines produced by T regs

A

IL-10 and TFG-B

29
Q

Proteins of the apoptosis intrinsic pathway in peripheral tolerance deletion

A

Bcl-2 family effectors (Bax and Bak)

30
Q

Apoptosis extrinsic pathway interactions

A

Fas-FasL
TNF R - TNF

31
Q

Rutas de administración que favorecen la tolerancia

A

Intravenosa y mucosa

32
Q

Central tolerance mechanisms for high-avidity self reacting B-cells

A

Receptor editing through expression of new Ig light chain (non self reacting)
Apoptosis (deletion)

33
Q

Central tolerance mechanism for low avidity self reacting B-cells

A

Reduced expression of receptor and signaling (anergy)

34
Q

Peripheral tolerance mechanism to self-reacting B-cells

A

Anergy
Deletion
Regulation by inhibitory receptors

35
Q

A self reaction to one specific antigen leads to alterations of other tissue antigens.

A

Epitope spreading

36
Q

Cells activated in an infection that may lead to autoimmunity and that overly-active T cells.

A

APCs

37
Q

Genes that have shown stronger association with autoommunity.

A

MHC genes

38
Q

Stronges genetical-autoimmunity relation.

A

Ankylosing spondylitis and HLA B27

39
Q

Gene associated with SLE

A

C4

40
Q

Gene associated with T-cell proliferation and infiltration in organs, leading to systemic inflammatory disease

A

CTLA4

41
Q

Disease related to Fas/FasL, in which self-reactive B cells and CD4 T are not deleted

A

ALPS

42
Q

Tregs won’t work due to a FoxP3 alteration, creating multiorgan lymphocytic infiltrates, leading to

A

IPEX

43
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease, in which there is a deffective control in mucosal immune responses, relates to the genes of…

A

IL10 and IL10R

44
Q

Leucocitos reclutados en reacciones de hipersensibilidad tipo II: mediada por anticuerpos

A

Neutrófilos y macrófagos

45
Q

Reacción de hipersensibilidad mediada por inmunocomplejos con IgM o IgG

A

Tipo III

46
Q

La participación de CD4 Th1 y Th17 y CD8 CTLs es característica de la hipersensitividad

A

IV

47
Q

Mecanismos de daño tisular en la reacción de hipersensibilidad tipo IV

A

Inflamación mediada por citocinas y activación de macrófagos y muerte celular directa

48
Q

IL de la hipersensibilidad mediada por IgE

A

IL4, IL5 e IL13

49
Q

En la anemia hemolítica y trombocitopenia autoinmune, hay una destrucción tras opsonización.
Hipersensibilidad de tipo:

A

II

50
Q

En Graves disease hay una alteración de las funciones celulares sin inflamación ni daño tisular. Hipersensibilidad de tipo:

A

II

51
Q

Un ejemplo de esta hipersensibilidad es la unión de anticuerpo a un receptor de hormonas/neurotransmisores y su estimulación.

A

Tipo II

52
Q

Most predominant lekocytes in type III hypersensitivity inflammation.

A

Neutrophil

53
Q

Function of IL17 secreted by TH17 cells

A

Neutrophil recruitment

54
Q

Function of IFNy secreted by TH1 cells

A

Macrophage activation

55
Q

Reaction that develops 24 to 48 hrs after Ag challenge in a previously immunized individual

A

Delayed-type hypersensitivity DTH

56
Q

If a Th1 response to an infection activates macrophages but fails to eliminate microorganisms it happens a___

A

Chronic DTH reactions causing granulomas

57
Q

Explicación del diagrama

A

.

58
Q

Tipo de hipersensibilidad que causa glomerulonefritis

A

Tipo II

Immune disorders (1 decks)

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