MT Flashcards
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Is there a problem here?
A. No, since an explanation regarding the underlying mechanisms was given.
B. No, since an explanation for potential failures was given.
C. Yes, mainly because the claim is not falsifiable.
D. Yes, mainly because the explanation is not parsimonious enough.
Answer: C
Which statement is correct?
I. When conducting a research, anonymity of the participants has to be ensured at each
step of the experiment.
II. Deception of the participants should be avoided, because participants will perform
differently if they are not informed about all aspects of the research.
A. Both I and II are false
B. Only I is correct
C. Only II is correct
D. Both I and II are correct
Answer: A
In a distribution that is skewed to the left which statement is correct? A. The Mode is smaller than the Median B. The Mean is smaller than the Median C. The Median is smaller than the Mean D. None of the above
Answer: B
right skewed: (>) xbar > M > Mo
left skewed : (
The police is performing a new lie detector test. Their key measure is the stress hormone
cortisol level. They had the impression their suspect would be lying and stressed but this was
not reflected the results. They decided to check if the skin conductance test, another measure
for stress levels showed similar results.
What where they checking
A. Test-Retest Reliability
B. Face Validity
C. Divergent Validity
D. Convergent Validity
Answer: D
Which of these threaten internal Validity?
I. History
II. Statistical Regression
A. Both I and II are threats.
B. Only I is a threat.
C. Only II is a threat.
D. Both I and II are threats to external validity, but not internal validity.
Answer: A
You want to grow a big banana palm tree, but are not sure whether your plant grows bigger with simple rainwater or sparkling soda water. Therefore you test how much it grows within six months first with rainwater and then with sparkling soda water.
What are your dependent and independent variables?
A. Dependent: six months; Independent: rainwater and soda water
B. Dependent: rainwater and soda water; Independent: height
C. Dependent: six months; Independent: height
D. Dependent: height; Independent: rainwater and soda water
Answer: D
Which statement is correct?
I. The sum of all residuals equals always 0.
II. The steeper the slope of the regression line, the bigger the correlation.
A. Both I and II are false
B. Only I is correct
C. Only II is correct
D. Both I and II are correct
Answer: B
A research team is interested in the question if girls acquire reading abilities earlier than boys.
They randomly choose 20 girls and 20 boys from an elementary school and let them perform a
reading task. The final score of each child is formed out of reading fluency and accuracy.
What type of design did they use?
A. Experimental Design
B. Correlational Design
C. Demonstrational Design
D. Developmental Design
Answer: B
Lena is curious to study what effect different types of food have on our subjective mood. She
wants to test three different types of food. A piece of an apple as a health snack, a large piece
of chocolate crème cake as a sweet delight and one piece of plain pasta as a control
condition. She wants to use a within subject design, but suspects that once subjects eat the
piece of chocolate crème cake they will be pretty full and wonders that it could affect the other
conditions. Which would be good options to improve her design?
I Counterbalancing II Breaks III Factorial Design
A. Only I
B. Only II
C. I and II
D. II and III
Answer D
Traumatic Brain injuries in children often lead to lower school performances. However it was observed that this effect is reduced in children out of families with high socio economic status, possible because families can afford better rehabilitation programs. On the flipside, the effect is accentuated in children out of families with a lower socio economic status.
A. Socio economical status could be a Moderator
B. Socio economical status could be a Confounder
C. Socio economical status could be a Mediator
Answer: A
A Moderator influences the RELATIONSHIP between IV and DV
NOT B because a confonder influences BOTH the independent AND the dependent variable.
NOT C because A mediator explains the INDIRECT RELATIONSHIP of the IV and DV (“man in the middle”)
Jan studies the effect of sleep deprivation. He hypothesizes that sleep deprivation does not affect
perception. What is wrong about this hypothesis?
A. Not falsifiable/refutable
B. Not parsimonious
C. Not a positive statement
C.
In a hypothesis you have to make a statement about the existence of an effect
(formulate positively).
Sofia did a study in which she compared 2 groups, both of which heard a long story. Group A could view the actor while he told the story, whereas group B could only hear the actor.
Afterwards questions were asked about the story. It was found that group A made far fewer errors than group B. Sofia concludes that additional information, such as gestures and facial expressions, aid the understanding and memory of a story.
This is an example of:
A. Deductive reasoning
B. Reductive reasoning
C. Inductive reasoning
C.
You generalize your own findings to a general theory (I ate three apples, and all three
were sour»_space; all apples are sour).
You have been quite tired lately. According to your best friend your aura is disturbed and you should wear a special stone to improve this. According to your friend this really works, because Prof. Dr. Shapiro says so. This is an example of: A. the rational method B. the method of authority C. the scientific method
B.
You based your decision on an authority-figure, a professor
Which of the following statements regarding ethics in science is correct?
A. The monetary reward for a participant should not be too high.
B. Deception of a participant is never allowed.
C. Data of a participant have to be collected anonymously.
A
People should make an unbiased decision. If you give too much money, they can’t
really make an unbiased decision. Deception is allowed when certain preconditions are
met. Data collection is often not anonymous, if someone enters your lab, you see the
person and often know his/her name. You should treat and store the data confidentially
You measured the speed of running in a group of people. Later on it appears that your stopwatch did not work properly and consistently indicated a slower speed.
A. Therefore the reliability of the measurements is low.
B. Therefore the validity of the measurements is low.
C. Therefore the validity and reliability of the measurements are both low.
B.
it’s systematic measurement error:
the stopwatch always makes the same mistake (no
fluctuation over participants). So, the deviation is the same in every person, and the next
measurement with the same stopwatch will yield the same deviation. So, the
measurement is reliable. However, you don’t measure someone’s actual speed, so the
validity is low
