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1
Q

Drug effects on individual have been intensified due to what?

A

Development of more efficient and faster ways of putting drugs into the body

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2
Q

Most popular psychoactive substance over millenia has been what?

A

Alcohol

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3
Q

Natural form of hallucinogen LSD is found in what?

A

Fungus which grows on rye/wheat plants

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4
Q

Which of the following do not contain caffeine?

A

Poppy and Hemp

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5
Q

Which is NOT true about tobacco?

A

Even though tobacco was a common plant in Europe before Columbus cam to Americas, no one had ever tried to smoke it

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6
Q

London Gin Epidemic was ultimately brought under control by?

A
  • Prohibition of selling or drinking gin
  • Heavy regulation on production of alcohol
  • Strict regulation of sales and stiff taxes on gin
    ALL OF THE ABOVE
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7
Q

Morphine is about how many times more powerful than opium?

A

10

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8
Q

Who was one of the earliest Americans to write about health dangers of drinking and to recommend temperance?

A

Dr. Benjamin Rush

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9
Q

Which congressional act prohibited manufacture and sale of any alcoholic beverage with above .5% alcohol?

A

Volstead Act in 1920 became 18th Amendment to U.S. Constitution

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10
Q

Sub group of sedative-hypnotics that came to dominate prescription market becuase they were safer than barbituates are called what?

A

Benzodiazepines

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11
Q

Discovery of brain chemicals that acted like psychoactive drugs led to what?

A
  • More understanding of addiction
  • More understanding of mental illness
  • New uses of therapeutic drugs to treat addiction and withdrawal states
    ALL OF THE ABOVE
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12
Q

Common drug used at parties now, GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate), is classified as what?

A

Sedative or downer

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13
Q

Most widely abused prescription opiate is what?

A

OxyContin

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14
Q

Which of the following is not stimulant or upper?

A

Opium

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15
Q

Psychiatric medications?

A

Used to rebalance irregular brain chemistry

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16
Q

Although Cannabis was used in ancient times as source for fiber and oil, for its edible seeds, and as medicine, it was not sued for its stupefying and hallucinogenic properties

A

FALSE

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17
Q

Chewing of coca leaves in south america was mostly among common people since nobility thought it was dirty habit

A

FALSE

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18
Q

Overall illicit drug use has declined since its peak in 1979 and 1980

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Use of needles to inject street drugs has been one major cause of spread of HIV virus that leads to AIDS

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Today’s marijuana is less potent than marijuana smoked in 1960s

A

FALSE

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21
Q

MDMA (ectasy) and LSD act like stimulants as well as hallucinogens

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Inhalants most often cause of CNS stimulation leading to excitement

A

FALSE

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23
Q

Organic solvents can be toxic to cells and organs

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Which of the following routes of administration acts slowest upon brain?

A

Contact / transdermal absorption

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25
When drug is injected, how long does it take for drug to reach brain?
15-30s
26
Another word for putting powdered cocaine under tongue is what?
Sublingual
27
Main barrier that drugs have to cross to affect body is what?
Blood brain barrier
28
Child's circulatory system contains about how much blood?
3-4 quarts of blood
29
How many nerve cell connections are in nervous system?
100 trillion
30
Which of following is function of new brain?
Creativity
31
Which of following is part of neuron?
Terminals
32
When substance originates outside body, it is what?
Exogenous
33
Mechanism that accepts NTs is what?
Receptor
34
Drugs bind to receptors and block effects of NTs are what?
Antagonists
35
Which is NOT type of tolerance?
Delayed tolerance
36
Which is NOT type of withdrawal?
Pharmacodynamic withdrawal
37
Which is NOT desired effect of psychoactive drugs?
Increases depression
38
In levels of use terminology, abuse means what?
Continued use of drug despite negative consequences
39
T in SPECT scans stand for what?
Tomography
40
Which is nOT genetic research technique?
Liver biopsies
41
Which will NOT cause sober mouse to become alcoholic mouse?
Genes
42
When there is internal conflict, new brain will usually override old brain
FALSE
43
Nucleus accumbens is found in old brain
TRUE
44
Psychoactive drugs cannot create sensations or feelings that dont have natural counterpart in body
TRUE
45
NT most responsible for stimulating reward / reinforcement center is GABA
FALSE
46
Which of the following is NOT true about cocaine?
US consumes 80% of world's cocaine
47
Which of following is TRUE of cocaine hydrochloride?
200x more powerful by wt than cocoa leaf
48
Which statement about cocaine is NOT true?
Injecting cocaine gets to brain faster than smoking cocaine
49
What is name of metabolite produced when alcohol and cocaine are used together?
Cocaethylene
50
Which is NOT true regarding cardiovascular effects of cocaine use?
No cocaine receptors on heart itself
51
Which of following is NOT part of cocaine withdrawal syndrome?
Decreased appetite
52
Combo of heroin and cocaine is known as what?
Speedball
53
Which of following is not side effect of long term abuse of cocaine?
Severe weight gain
54
Which of following is TRUE of crack cocaine?
Users are able to get much higher dose into brain over shorter period of time than with powdered cocaine
55
Which of following has NOT been use for amphetamines?
Relax muscles
56
Ice is to methamphetamine as what is to cocaine?
Crack
57
Difference between neurochemistry of amphetamines and cocaine is what?
Amphetamines block metabolism of catecholamines whereas cocaine does not
58
Which of the following is not a stimulant?
GHB
59
Which of the following has most caffeine content?
Espresso coffee
60
Which of the following is NOT true concerning nicotine?
Chew of tobacco puts less nicotine into bloodstream than one smoked cigarette
61
All stimulants increase chemical and electrical activity in CNS
TRUE
62
Snorting cocaine is self-limiting method of using cocaine
TRUE
63
Many of abnormalities in newborns of drug users have more to do with mother's lifestyle than drug itself
TRUE
64
Crack cocaine is not only stronger than powdered cocaine, it is entirely different molecules, so it acts on different NTs
FALSE
65
Physical and mental effects of cocaine and amphetamines are very similar
TRUE
66
Tolerance to amphetamines is pronounced
TRUE
67
ADHD is often treated with amphetamine like drugs
TRUE
68
Amphetamines are dangerous but fortunately over the counter diet pills are completely safe
FALSE
69
Most important reason that people continue to smoke is intense desire to maintain certain nicotine level in blood and brain to avoid withdrawal symptoms
TRUE
70
It is estimated that one person dies from secondhand smoke for every 8 smoker deaths
TRUE
71
NT that transmits pain is what?
Sustance P
72
Which is possible deadly side effect of using heroin intravenously?
HIV infection
73
Drug that stops effect of heroin in brain is what?
Naltrexone
74
Methadone works by what?
Substituting long acting opioid for short acting one
75
MAjor heroin withdrawal symptoms usually last how long?
5-7 days
76
Which substance has been used to dilute heroin?
Baby laxative
77
Which combination of drugs would probably be more dangerous?
Valium and alcohol
78
Most common medical use of opioids is what?
Analgesia
79
Which is effect of sedative-hypnotics?
Controls skeletal muscular spasms
80
Sedative-hypnotic withdrawal symptoms can include what?
Convulsions
81
Barbituates were supplanted as sedative-hypnotic of choice by what?
Benzodiazepines
82
First benzodiazepine was what?
Librium
83
One of reasons that GHB and Rohypnol are similar to alcohol is what?
Disinhibitory effect
84
Ancient Egyptians used opium for its medical properties
TRUE
85
Fentanyl is stronger than morphine
TRUE
86
Heroin mimics body's own pain messengers
FALSE
87
Codeine can control diarrhea
TRUE
88
Majority of heroin users are unemployed and live on street
FALSE
89
Darvon will help suppress heroin withdrawal
TRUE
90
Tolerance to physical and mental effects of increased doses of sedative-hypnotics increases at same rates
FALSE
91
Most dangerous barbiturates are long acting ones such as phenobarbital
FALSE
92
Low level use of benzodiazepines over extended period of year or more will cause physical dependence
True
93
Liver alters Valium into more potent drug
TRUE
94
Due to large margin of safety, overdoing with benzodiazepines is difficult
TRUE
95
Withdrawal from heroin is more dangerous physically than withdrawal from alcohol or sedative-hypnotics
FALSE

Tox (4 decks)

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