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MT Flashcards

1
Q

Drug effects on individual have been intensified due to what?

A

Development of more efficient and faster ways of putting drugs into the body

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2
Q

Most popular psychoactive substance over millenia has been what?

A

Alcohol

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3
Q

Natural form of hallucinogen LSD is found in what?

A

Fungus which grows on rye/wheat plants

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4
Q

Which of the following do not contain caffeine?

A

Poppy and Hemp

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5
Q

Which is NOT true about tobacco?

A

Even though tobacco was a common plant in Europe before Columbus cam to Americas, no one had ever tried to smoke it

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6
Q

London Gin Epidemic was ultimately brought under control by?

A
  • Prohibition of selling or drinking gin
  • Heavy regulation on production of alcohol
  • Strict regulation of sales and stiff taxes on gin
    ALL OF THE ABOVE
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7
Q

Morphine is about how many times more powerful than opium?

A

10

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8
Q

Who was one of the earliest Americans to write about health dangers of drinking and to recommend temperance?

A

Dr. Benjamin Rush

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9
Q

Which congressional act prohibited manufacture and sale of any alcoholic beverage with above .5% alcohol?

A

Volstead Act in 1920 became 18th Amendment to U.S. Constitution

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10
Q

Sub group of sedative-hypnotics that came to dominate prescription market becuase they were safer than barbituates are called what?

A

Benzodiazepines

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11
Q

Discovery of brain chemicals that acted like psychoactive drugs led to what?

A
  • More understanding of addiction
  • More understanding of mental illness
  • New uses of therapeutic drugs to treat addiction and withdrawal states
    ALL OF THE ABOVE
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12
Q

Common drug used at parties now, GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate), is classified as what?

A

Sedative or downer

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13
Q

Most widely abused prescription opiate is what?

A

OxyContin

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14
Q

Which of the following is not stimulant or upper?

A

Opium

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15
Q

Psychiatric medications?

A

Used to rebalance irregular brain chemistry

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16
Q

Although Cannabis was used in ancient times as source for fiber and oil, for its edible seeds, and as medicine, it was not sued for its stupefying and hallucinogenic properties

A

FALSE

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17
Q

Chewing of coca leaves in south america was mostly among common people since nobility thought it was dirty habit

A

FALSE

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18
Q

Overall illicit drug use has declined since its peak in 1979 and 1980

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Use of needles to inject street drugs has been one major cause of spread of HIV virus that leads to AIDS

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Today’s marijuana is less potent than marijuana smoked in 1960s

A

FALSE

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21
Q

MDMA (ectasy) and LSD act like stimulants as well as hallucinogens

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Inhalants most often cause of CNS stimulation leading to excitement

A

FALSE

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23
Q

Organic solvents can be toxic to cells and organs

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Which of the following routes of administration acts slowest upon brain?

A

Contact / transdermal absorption

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25
Q

When drug is injected, how long does it take for drug to reach brain?

A

15-30s

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26
Q

Another word for putting powdered cocaine under tongue is what?

A

Sublingual

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27
Q

Main barrier that drugs have to cross to affect body is what?

A

Blood brain barrier

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28
Q

Child’s circulatory system contains about how much blood?

A

3-4 quarts of blood

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29
Q

How many nerve cell connections are in nervous system?

A

100 trillion

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30
Q

Which of following is function of new brain?

A

Creativity

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31
Q

Which of following is part of neuron?

A

Terminals

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32
Q

When substance originates outside body, it is what?

A

Exogenous

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33
Q

Mechanism that accepts NTs is what?

A

Receptor

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34
Q

Drugs bind to receptors and block effects of NTs are what?

A

Antagonists

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35
Q

Which is NOT type of tolerance?

A

Delayed tolerance

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36
Q

Which is NOT type of withdrawal?

A

Pharmacodynamic withdrawal

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37
Q

Which is NOT desired effect of psychoactive drugs?

A

Increases depression

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38
Q

In levels of use terminology, abuse means what?

A

Continued use of drug despite negative consequences

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39
Q

T in SPECT scans stand for what?

A

Tomography

40
Q

Which is nOT genetic research technique?

A

Liver biopsies

41
Q

Which will NOT cause sober mouse to become alcoholic mouse?

A

Genes

42
Q

When there is internal conflict, new brain will usually override old brain

A

FALSE

43
Q

Nucleus accumbens is found in old brain

A

TRUE

44
Q

Psychoactive drugs cannot create sensations or feelings that dont have natural counterpart in body

A

TRUE

45
Q

NT most responsible for stimulating reward / reinforcement center is GABA

A

FALSE

46
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about cocaine?

A

US consumes 80% of world’s cocaine

47
Q

Which of following is TRUE of cocaine hydrochloride?

A

200x more powerful by wt than cocoa leaf

48
Q

Which statement about cocaine is NOT true?

A

Injecting cocaine gets to brain faster than smoking cocaine

49
Q

What is name of metabolite produced when alcohol and cocaine are used together?

A

Cocaethylene

50
Q

Which is NOT true regarding cardiovascular effects of cocaine use?

A

No cocaine receptors on heart itself

51
Q

Which of following is NOT part of cocaine withdrawal syndrome?

A

Decreased appetite

52
Q

Combo of heroin and cocaine is known as what?

A

Speedball

53
Q

Which of following is not side effect of long term abuse of cocaine?

A

Severe weight gain

54
Q

Which of following is TRUE of crack cocaine?

A

Users are able to get much higher dose into brain over shorter period of time than with powdered cocaine

55
Q

Which of following has NOT been use for amphetamines?

A

Relax muscles

56
Q

Ice is to methamphetamine as what is to cocaine?

A

Crack

57
Q

Difference between neurochemistry of amphetamines and cocaine is what?

A

Amphetamines block metabolism of catecholamines whereas cocaine does not

58
Q

Which of the following is not a stimulant?

A

GHB

59
Q

Which of the following has most caffeine content?

A

Espresso coffee

60
Q

Which of the following is NOT true concerning nicotine?

A

Chew of tobacco puts less nicotine into bloodstream than one smoked cigarette

61
Q

All stimulants increase chemical and electrical activity in CNS

A

TRUE

62
Q

Snorting cocaine is self-limiting method of using cocaine

A

TRUE

63
Q

Many of abnormalities in newborns of drug users have more to do with mother’s lifestyle than drug itself

A

TRUE

64
Q

Crack cocaine is not only stronger than powdered cocaine, it is entirely different molecules, so it acts on different NTs

A

FALSE

65
Q

Physical and mental effects of cocaine and amphetamines are very similar

A

TRUE

66
Q

Tolerance to amphetamines is pronounced

A

TRUE

67
Q

ADHD is often treated with amphetamine like drugs

A

TRUE

68
Q

Amphetamines are dangerous but fortunately over the counter diet pills are completely safe

A

FALSE

69
Q

Most important reason that people continue to smoke is intense desire to maintain certain nicotine level in blood and brain to avoid withdrawal symptoms

A

TRUE

70
Q

It is estimated that one person dies from secondhand smoke for every 8 smoker deaths

A

TRUE

71
Q

NT that transmits pain is what?

A

Sustance P

72
Q

Which is possible deadly side effect of using heroin intravenously?

A

HIV infection

73
Q

Drug that stops effect of heroin in brain is what?

A

Naltrexone

74
Q

Methadone works by what?

A

Substituting long acting opioid for short acting one

75
Q

MAjor heroin withdrawal symptoms usually last how long?

A

5-7 days

76
Q

Which substance has been used to dilute heroin?

A

Baby laxative

77
Q

Which combination of drugs would probably be more dangerous?

A

Valium and alcohol

78
Q

Most common medical use of opioids is what?

A

Analgesia

79
Q

Which is effect of sedative-hypnotics?

A

Controls skeletal muscular spasms

80
Q

Sedative-hypnotic withdrawal symptoms can include what?

A

Convulsions

81
Q

Barbituates were supplanted as sedative-hypnotic of choice by what?

A

Benzodiazepines

82
Q

First benzodiazepine was what?

A

Librium

83
Q

One of reasons that GHB and Rohypnol are similar to alcohol is what?

A

Disinhibitory effect

84
Q

Ancient Egyptians used opium for its medical properties

A

TRUE

85
Q

Fentanyl is stronger than morphine

A

TRUE

86
Q

Heroin mimics body’s own pain messengers

A

FALSE

87
Q

Codeine can control diarrhea

A

TRUE

88
Q

Majority of heroin users are unemployed and live on street

A

FALSE

89
Q

Darvon will help suppress heroin withdrawal

A

TRUE

90
Q

Tolerance to physical and mental effects of increased doses of sedative-hypnotics increases at same rates

A

FALSE

91
Q

Most dangerous barbiturates are long acting ones such as phenobarbital

A

FALSE

92
Q

Low level use of benzodiazepines over extended period of year or more will cause physical dependence

A

True

93
Q

Liver alters Valium into more potent drug

A

TRUE

94
Q

Due to large margin of safety, overdoing with benzodiazepines is difficult

A

TRUE

95
Q

Withdrawal from heroin is more dangerous physically than withdrawal from alcohol or sedative-hypnotics

A

FALSE

Tox (4 decks)

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