MT 3 Flashcards
define globalization
process that describes connections between economics, cultural and populations
Louis XIV
(2 points)
-established absolute monarchy in France
-influenced French culture and art
-Italian scientist
-observed sky with telescope
-supported heliocentric theory
Galileo Galilei
Ivan IV of Russia
-made Russia the first country the first to be ruled by a tsar
define Columbian Exchange
transfer of plants,animals,and goods between eastern and western hemispheres
-From Great Britain
-wrote an essay concerning human understanding
-though if government failed to protect natural rights people had a right to overthrow it
John Locke
define conquistadors
Spanish conquers of the Americas
-swedish scientist
-developed system for classifying plants and animals by scientific type
Carl Linnaeus
define Enlightenment
intellectual movement that applied scientific methods to the study of society and government
Martin Luther
retract his teachings because Pope Leo X demanded after he posted his 95 Theses
define mercantilism
government controlled economy by controlling trade of silver and gold
define Protestant
a christian who follows the prostetant reform movement
Give reasons why Ivan IV was nicknamed”the Terrible”
(3 points)
-mass executions
-fierce temper from childhood
-killed his son
de Medici family
(3 points)
-promoted art, culture,education
-wealthy through banking and commerce
-responsible for iconic monuments,buildings and artwork in Florence
define excommunication
expulsion from church
Isaac Newton
developed laws of motion and gravitation
What ended the Romanov dynasty
the execution of Tsar Nicholas ll and his family
What is the philosophy of mercantilism
an economic philosophy that favored self sufficiency
List products on the Columbian exchange
(6 points)
peaches, oranges,bananas,sugar cane, coffee,and manufactured goods
List reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy
(3 poiints)
-Italy was controlled by city states
-engaged in trade across Mediterranean
-city state rulers competed with rivals by artistic glory
-scottish writer
-wrote the wealth of nations
-thought a free market was driven by competition and individuals self interest
Adam Smith
define divine right
the notion that a rulers power is derived from god and can’t be questioned
-French writer
-wrote the spirit of the laws
-made the case for a three point system of government
Baron de Montesquieu
-Italian explorer
-sailed west since world was round
-went directly across the Atlantic Ocean to get to the Indies
Christopher Columbus
define indulgences
certificates sold by catholic churches that forgive sins for a punishment
-French scientist
-had critical influence on the development of the scientific method
Rene Descartes
-wrote the divine comedy
-book is an epic poem poem describing his imagined journey through the after life
Dante Alighieri
define serf
a person who was forced to work the land for the lord in exchange for protection and justice
what were “issues” that Martin Luther had against the Catholic Church
(2 points)
-pope had to much power over church and politics
-selling indulengences(temporary punishment for sins that were forgiven)
-sistine chapel art on walls
-depicted human body in detail
Michelangelo
define Renaissance
(rebirth)Greek and Roman culture ideas
-italian writer
-wrote the prince
-a ruler should always be ready for war and its important to be feared than loved
Niccolo Machiavelli
define bureaucracy
body of government officials following an organized system
Explain what the Catholic church did to counteract the reformation and bring back followers
(4 points)
-they formed new christian religious movements
-protesters left Catholic Church
-inspire people with the use of art and music
-defended catholic faith with missionary and education system
Why is the enlightenment a direct product of the Scientific Revolution
widespread emphasis on reason,observation,and evidence
define Middle Passage
journey of sailing through water by slave ships being transported
-English book writer
-wrote Hamlet,Romeo and Juliet
William Shakespheare
define Triangle Trade
trade that involved the transport of slaves from Africa to the Americas along with manufactured goods
geocentric vs. heliocentric
geocentric-earth is center of solar system or universe
heliocentric-sun is center of solar system with earth and other planets revolving around it
Ferdinand Magellan
sailed from Atlantic around the southern tip of South America and into pacific, reached Philippines islands
Hernan Cortes
landed in Mexico with army and marched with their crossbows
define scientific method
process of establishing facts through testing and experimentations
Vasco da Gama(conquestador)
reached India
define circumnavigate
sail or travel around something
What were ways in which Peter the Great and Catherine the Great westernized Russia
(4 points)
-introduced Western European military tactics
-fashion
-social customs
-education
What is the Lockes social contract and natural rights
individuals in a state of nature possess natural rights-(life,liberty and property) to a form of government through a contract
define czar
Russian emperor
define gunpowder revolution
military advances that resulted from the development of gun powder weaponry
Describe how Louis XIV was an absolute ruler
(3 points)
-had complete power of France(quote)
-controlling everything from politics and religion and art
-believed he was gods representative on earth
define absolutism
ruler has power over country and authority
which countries were heavily invested in exploration in the 15th century
Portugal and spain
define capitalism
economic system in which resources are privately owned
Peter I of Russia
westernized Russia and made capitol St.Petersburg named after him
explain the treaty of of tordesillas
an agreement that split all not yet explored lands between Spain and Portugal
define vernacular
native language of a region or country
define westernization
process of adapting western culture and practice
Leonardo Da Vinci
Mona Lisa,Last super, idea for arched bridges
define Reformation
movement of 1500s that split Catholic Church and gave birth to protestant religion
what areas were claimed/explored by the Dutch
Carribean,and colonies in America
What was the purpose of creating colonies
take advantage of natural resources and gain land by colonizing the country
How are the enlightenment philosophers linked to the creation of the United States
linked to the ideas of natural rights
describe the effects (positive and negative) of European exploration in the New World
positive-introduced new plants and animals to different continents
negative-decreasing indigenous populations from disease and conquest
List reasons why Europeans started to explore
(4 points)
-curosity about unknown
-wished to bring christianity to save souls
-craved for asian goods
-pursuit of profit
-had six wives
-killed or executed 2 out of 6
–annulled 2 marriages(divorce)
-other died after giving birth to his now only son
Henry VIII of England
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Reconignzed government was necessary and argued for better political system based on the people
-English scientist
-promoted growth of technology with all of its economic and environmental effects
Francis Bacon
List steps of the scientific method
Problem,hypothosis,expeirimemnts,analyaze
Describe how literature and art changed during the Rennassaince
moved away from religious themes and embraced humanistic focuses
define bullion
gold and silver
what areas were claimed/explored by the Spanish
(4 points)
West Indies,Mexico,Central America and south America
what areas were claimed/explored by the Portuguese
Brazil,West Africa,Asia
what areas were claimed/explored by the English
northern North America
what areas were claimed/explored by the French
northern port America and Great Lakes
