MT 2 PQs Flashcards
which enzymes are elevated in case of liver disease?
ALT + ALP,
AST + GLDH,
ALT + GLDH,
ALT, ALP, AST, GLDH
ALT + GLDH
which enzymes are elevated in case of bile duct obstruction?
ALT + ALKP,
ALKP + GGT,
ALT + LDH,
ALT, ALP, AST, GLDH
ALKP + GGT
which enzymes are elevated in case of haemolysis?
ALT + ALP,
ALT + GLDH,
ALT + LDH,
ALT, ALP, AST, GLDH
ALT + LDH
Overall what increase in pre-hepatic icterus (haemolysis)?
Br-I, Br-II, UBG, Reticulocyte, Free Hb, ALT, LDH, urea.
Overall what increases in hepatic icterus (liver damage)?
Br-I, Br-II, UBG, coagulation parameters, ALT, AST, GLDH, NH3, bile acids.
overall what increases in posthepatic icterus?
Br-I, Br-II, coagulaiton parameters, ALKP, GGT, bile acids.
urine parameter changes in prehepatic icterus.
UBG, Br, Hb all increase
urine parameter changes in hepatic icterus.
UBG and Br
urine parameter changes in posthepatic icterus.
UBG decrease,
Large Br increase.
which enzyme is elevated in muscle damage?
LDH +CK
AST + CK
LDH + CK + AST
LDH + CK + ALT
LDH + CK + AST
what can cause the elevation of creatinin in the plasma?
decreased GFR,
dehydration,
increased muscle mass,
high meat content of the meal,
all of them,
none of them.
all of them
which is true for CKD? MCQ
azotaemia,
hypokalaemia,
anaemia,
eosinophilia,
hyperphosphatemia.
azotaemia,
hypokalaemia,
anaemia
what is hypostenuria?
what are 2 possible causes?
hyposthenuria: when the specific gravut of urine is decreased.
diabetes insipidus,
hyperhydration
urinary tract rupture can be measured by which of the following?
cholesterol,
creatinin,
amylase,
albumin.
creatinin
which answer is false?
CSF is colourless, water clear fluid.
CSF does not contain RBCs.
Increase of nucleated cells in CSF is called pleocytosis.
CSF clots rapidly after sampling.
CSF clots rapidly after sampling.
what type of jaundice do oyu suspect in case of decreased haematocrit and yellow plasma in microhematocrit capillary?
prehepatic
What is the cause of elevated bile acid conc in the case of cholestasis?
cholestasis = bile release is blocked.
Bile acids cant enter intestine therefore increase outflow into plasma.
which are cholestatic live enzymes? MCQ
ALT,
ALP,
GLDH,
GGT.
ALP + GGT
which substance is responsible for neurotoxicity?
ammonia,
urea,
glucose,
uric acid.
ammonia
which condition cannot be the cause of elevated lipase activity?
acute pancreatitis,
kidney failure,
enteritis,
liver failure.
liver failure.
which pancreatic enzyme does the TLI test measure?
pancreatic lipase,
pancreatic alpha-amylase,
trypsin and trypsinogen,
insulin.
trypsin and trypsinogen
which statement is true for canine pancreas specific lipase?
uses RIA method,
has the highest sensitivity to diagnose EPI,
has high sensitivity to detect acute pancreatitis,
not species specific.
has high sensitivity to detect acute pancreatitis
which statement is false for bile acids?
major constituent of bile,
recycled by enterohepatic circulation,
synthesised in the liver from cholesterol,
its serum level is elevated in portosystemic shunt.
major constituent of bile
which statement is true?
UBG can be detected in the urine by dipsticks,
liver cells conjugate taurin to bilirubin,
unconjugated Br is soluble in plasma,
high Br content can be detected on physical examination as the visible mucous membranes turn pale.
UBG can be detected in the urine by dipsticks,
which condition can be the cause of prehepatic icterus?
liver failure,
immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia,
acute pancreatitis,
gallbladder rupture
immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia
which condition cannot be the cause of elevated bile acid level?
acute pancreatitis,
portosystenic shunt,
babesiosis,
extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction.
babesiosis
which statement is false for AST?
released later than ALT,
more specific marker of significant liver damage,
cytoplasmic enzyme.
cytoplasmic enzyme
(it is a mito enzyme)
which statement is true for ALKP?
drug induction is not significant,
hepatocellular enzyme,
bone isoenzyme may be released in response to increased osteoblast cell activity,
Bone ALKP isoenzyme is heat stabile.
bone isoenzyme mat be released in response to increased osteoblast cell activty
which laboratory test findings are consistent with portosystemic shunt?
hyperbilirubinaemia,
elevated bile acids and hyperammonemia,
elevated urea and creatinine level,
increased ALKP and GGT activity.
elevated bile acids and hyperammonemia,
which statement is true for urea?
extensive muscle injury can increase its conc,
dietary protein content can increase its level,
reabsorption from the renal tubules is insignificant.
dietary protein content can increase its level,
which factor does not influence creatinin conc?
GFR,
extensive muscle injury,
gastrointestinal haemorrhage,
diet.
gastrointestinal haemorrhage
which lab test finding cannot be detected in acute kidney injury.
hyperkalaemia,
metabolic acidosis,
protein losing nephropathy causes hypoalbuminaemia,
azotemia.
protein losing nephropathy causes hypoalbuminaemia
which statement is true for urinalysis?
urine specific gravity can be reliably measured with dipsticks.
traces of glucose can normally be detected in the urine.
UTI can change the urine pH to acidic.
UBG can normally be detected in the urine.
UBG can normally be detected in the urine.
which condition cannot be the cause of elevated alpha amylase activity?
acute pancreatitis,
kidney failure,
extensive muscle injury,
parotitis
extensive muscle injury
measurement of reduced TLI in the blood has a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of:
acute pancreatitis,
pancreas carcinoma,
chronic pancreatitis,
EPI.
EPI
which statement is true for cPL assay?
has low sensitivity to detect acute pancreatitis,
uses ELISA assay,
not species specific,
has the highest sensitivity to diagnose EPI.
uses ELISA assay
which statement is false for bilirubin?
major constituent of bile,
recycled via enterohepatic circ,
BD product of haem,
increased serum level in choleostasis.
major constituent of bile,
which statement is true?
stercobilinogen can be detected in the urine via dipsticks.
Conk Br is transported via albumin.
High Br level can be detected via physical exam as mucous membranes turn yellow.
High Br level can be detected via physical exam as mucous membranes turn yellow.
which can be the cause of hepatic icterus?
acute pancreatitis,
acute hepatitis,
haemolysis,
obstruction of bile duct.
acute hepatitis
which condition cannot be the cause of elevated bile acids?
the patient has been fed before the sampling.
hepatic disfunction.
extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction.
immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia.
immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia.
which statement is false for ALT?
mitochondrial enzyme.
some drugs can induce its activity,
activity may increase in severe muscle trauma / disease.
mitochondrial enzyme
which abnormal lab test finding cannot be associated with hepatic disfunction?
elevated bile acids,
hyperalbunaemia,
hyperbilirubinaemia,
coagulopathy.
hyperalbunaemia
which statement is true for creatinine?
synth in liver from NH3.
liver func can influence its conc,
excreted only via glomerular filtration.
excreted only via glomerular filtration.
which lab test finding cannot be detected in CKD?
azotemia,
hyperkalaemia,
hyperphosphatemia,
protein losing nephropathy causing hypoalbuminemia.
hyperkalaemia,
which statement is true for urinalysis?
traces of blood can normally be detected in the urine.
Urine specific gravity can reliably be tested by using a refractometer.
presence of UBG in the urine is always an abnormal finding.
traces of blood can normally be detected in the urine.
which condition can be detected by sulfosalicylic acid turbidity test?
ketonuria,
glucosuria,
bilirubinuria,
proteinuria.
proteinuria
which statement is true for urine malignant analysis?
casts are formed in the UB.
squamos cells are epithelial cells detached from the renal tubules,
presence of malignant cancer cells indicate UB tumor.
presence of malignant cancer cells indicate UB tumour.
