MT 2 Flashcards
Land Bridge
Narrow strip of land that joins two larger landmasses
Maquiladoras
Term given to zones in North Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the U.S. market. The low- wage workers in the primarily foreign- owned factories assemble imported components and raw materials into finished industrial products. (most where women)
Cuidades Perdidas
The lost cities where newly arrived peasants live in miserable poverty & squalor which contain no less than 1/3 of the metropolitan areas population. (more than 500 slums(sucio/descuidado) outside of D.F).
The dirty war
Argentina- Military regime that followed was a reign of terror known as la Guerra sucia, in which any dissidents were kidnapped, tortured,murdered and there children were sold. the war was roughly from 1976-1983. Juan Peron died in 1974 (president). Isabel Peron (wife) became the first women president however when the country collapsed she was ousted in 1976.
Insurgent Groups
(an armed rebellion against a constituted authority). Used to describe a movement unlawfulness by virtue of not being authorized by or in acordance with the law of the land.
Apartheid
An institutionalized system of racial segregation enforced by National Party gov. in South Africa from 1948. (Blacks were treated different & it almost lasted 50 years ) Nelson Mandela was an activist and anti-Apartheid.
Panama Canal
(Canal which French tried to create when they were still part of Colombia but US ended up building once Panama seceded) Ship canal cut across the isthmus of panama by US Army engineers; it opened in 1915. It greatly shortened the sea voyage between the east and west coast of North America. The US turned the canal to Panama on JAN. 1 2000.
Perforated
Territory completely surrounds of another state. (Examples can be both Italy, which is perforated by both the Vatican and San Marino, or South Africa, sorrounds Lesotho.) ( A hole)
Treaty of Tordesillas
(Pope Alexander VI drew division at 46W. Longtitud and allocated west to spain and East to Portugal.) 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
The Aztecs
-Central Mexico -Conquered By Cortes)
Native American who lived in what is known now Mexico (before Tenochtitlan) & routinely offered their gods human sacrifices, these people were violent, yet built amazing pyramids and built a great civilization. Richest city in the Americans at the time.
The Incas
-South America -Conquered By Spanish)
an American Indian people of Peru who in the two centuries before the Spanish discovery of America conquered an area stretching from the southern border of present-day Colombia to central Chile. Centering on the city of Cusco (Cuzco) in the Peruvian Andes, the Inca domain included the coastal and mountain regions of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and the northern areas of Chile and Argentina–the only true empire existing in the New World at the time of Columbus, and the greatest political achievement of the American Indians.
Hernan Cortes
(-Spanish -Bad -Conquered the Aztecs)
Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain. Aztecs thought he was a god based to a prophecy which made the conquering easier.
Jose De San Martin
(-Argentine -Led the Revolution Against the Spanish) South American general and statesman, born in Argentina.(Left Argentina and came back) the leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, & Chile; protector of Peru.
Simon Bolivar
Born in Caracas Venezuela. Liberal was his motivation. ( -Venezuela -Led Revolution against Spanish) Venezuela statements who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule.
The Tonton Macoutes
HAITI1957 Francois Duvalier (aka papa Doc) =First ruler to hold onto power. Was a quasi-military group led by Duvalier who brutally suppressed dissidents and killed tens of thousands of Haitians
Fidel Castro
Dictator - bad. Cuban dictator Fidel Castro was born near Biran on August 13, 1926. In 1959, he used guerilla warfare to successfully overthrow Cuban leader Batista and was sworn in as Prime Minister of Cuba, remaining so until his presidency in 1976. As prime minister, Castro’s government established covert military and economic relations with the Soviet Union, leading to the Cuban Missile. Now the US is only 1 of few countries to still refuse economic dealing with Cuba. Now With Obama relationship with Cuba has changed.
Hugo Chavez
Bad, Dictator. (1954-2013) Venezuelanpolitical (comandante) &president; he set out to eliminate poverty in hi country, but his methods of doing so tended to turn his country away from democracy & toward a dictatorship. He served for almost 4 decades.
Evo Morales
Dictator) BOLIVIAHas joined Hugo Chavez’s campaign. Many disagree with the return to socialism, and his support to recreational coca use.
Juan Peron
President of Argentina (1946-1955, 1973-1974). As a military officer, he championed the rights of labor. Aided by his wife Eve Duarte Peron, he was elected president in 1946. He built up Argentina industry, became very popular among the urban poor.DIED IN 1974.
Eva Peron
Wife of Juan Peron and champion of the poor in Argentina. She was a gifted speaker and popular political leader who campaigned to improve the life of the urban poor by founding schools and hospitals and providing other social benefits.( 1950’s economy began to suffer, Eva died of cancer & Juan was excommunicated from te catholic church)
Isabel Peron
Vice president and 3rd wife of Juan Perón; Became Argentina’s president after Juan died, making her 1st woman president of the World; Ousted and military took over her regime in 1976
Augusto Pinochet
(Chile-Bad -Overthrew Gov and murdered a lot of his own citizens)He was the Chilean dictator who was responsible for instituting the reforms set out by the Chicago Boys. His leadership was backed by the US and was carried out through a coup against a democratically elected, leftist leader. At the behest of the advice given by the group, Pinochet forcefully transformed the Chilean economy into one of the freest market economies that the world had even seen. Pinochet made sure to employ the military to protect the Chicago Boys and ensure that no outside influence would taint their ideology.
Domingo Sarmiento
(-Argentine-Good-Tried to Imitate Europe)liberal politician and president of the Argentine Republic; author of Facundo, a critique of caudillo politics; increased international trade and launched reforms in education and transportation.
Pope Alexander VI
(-Italian-Bad-Did many Controversial things).This was the pope that granted power to Ferdinand and Isabella to appoint bishops to the Spanish territories and also settled the argument between Spain(Spain convinced him) and Portugal over South America.
FARC
Columbia)(They are considered drug dealers)A lot of women joined the FARC. The Armed Forces of Colombia is the most powerful insurgent group. In 1999, they convinced the government to demilitarize the area south of Bogota and leaving them into power.**(After 51 years of armed struggle and numerous attempts at peace, the revolutionaries’ rapidly dwindling numbers have resolved into a hard core of hold-out cells, still on the run and deeply reluctant to give up their guns)
Muammar Quaddafi
(-Libya -Bad -Became friend of anyone who was against America)has been the leader of Libya since 1969. He espoused his own form of Islamic socialism, and his foreign policy was anti-Western and anti-Israel. In 1970 he closed U.S. and British military bases and expelled Italians and Jews. He banned alcoholic beverages and gambling and in 1973 nationalized the oil industry. He made unsuccessful attempts to unify Libya with other countries. His government was repeatedly linked with terrorist incidents in Europe and elsewhere, and he supported groups trying to overthrow neighboring governments. He narrowly escaped death in 1986 when U.S. planes bombed sites in Libya, including his own residence.
Huophouet Boigny
Was the president of Ivory Coast. In the 80’s and 90’s he was a very authoritarian president, he wasted money on ostentation projects such as, “St. Peters Cathedral”.
Mathieu Kerekou
In 1972 he came to power in Benin. And voiced and practiced ruthless anti-white sentiment, and had mass killings and riots.(-Benin
- Bad
- Ruled under Marxist Rule but then kicked out and was later re-elected)
Charles Taylor
Charles Taylor In 1997 was elected president in Liberia and began a reign of terror that ended only when he was forced into exile in 2003.
( Taylor sentenced to 50 years for crimes against humanity)
Paul Biya
In 1982 he was picked as the Cameroon president. He was a horrible money manager. He made the economy go into shambles and he rigged his other election and won. Horrible decision!! salaries drop over 70%
Jean- Bedel Bokassa
-Central Africa Replubic
-Bad
-Was Insane and made Himself Emperor
Led military coup, brutal leader, wanted every member of opposition wiped out, personally took part in gruesome public torturing & murder, horrible money manager, killed economy, France bail out,spent $20 million (mostly France’s) to crown himself “Emperor” of the new “Central African Empire”, flew to Libya for more aid, while gone, was impeached and replaced by Andre Kolingba. Arrested when returned, died in prison in 1996. (Central African Republic) (Bad)
Michele Bachetlet
Michele Bachetlet (-Chile -Good -First Woman Pre)Former President, single mother of 3 & former Pinochet POW left office with over 80% approval rating.
Francisco Macias Nguema
In 1970 he became president of Equatorial Guinea with 0 opposition and declares himself, “President for life”. Led terrorist regimes. Schools and churches were closed, finishing illegal, and many were killed., 1970 became president with opposition, declares himself “President for Life” - lead terrorist regime, was executed by coup after over 2/3 of country killed or fled. Nephew won a rigged election. (Equatorial Guinea) (Bad)(Was Overthrown after ruling for 11 Years)
Albert Schweitzer
(-Good -Set Up Hospitals in Africa)French philosopher and physician and organist who spent most of his life as a medical missionary in Gabon (1875-1965)
