Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

met > mt #2 > Flashcards

mt #2 Flashcards

1
Q

radiative forcing

A

measurement of the capacity of gas or other forcing agents to affect the energy balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

positive values of radiative forcing

A

results in the heating of the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

negative values of radiative forcing

A

results in the cooling of the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

decrease in stratospheric ozone is an example of an

A

anthropogenic forcing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

aerosols

A

microscopic or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere (size from about 0.01 to 10 micrometers) (e.g. dust, smoke, salt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

direct effect of aerosols

A
  • reflect shortwave radiation
  • absorb shortwave radiation
  • absorb longwave radiation
    NET cooling effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

indirect effects of aerosols

A
  • decrease in droplet size, brighter cloud

- reduced cloud droplet sizes, decrease in precipitation, longer lasting, thicker cloud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Natural Sources of Aerosols

A

land (dust), Ocean (salt), Volcanic eruptions (smoke)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anthropogenic sources of Aerosols

A

factories, cars, power plants, deforestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 types of aerosols

A
  • sulfate
  • black carbon
  • organic carbon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sulfate Aerosols

A
  • cooling, negative radiative forcing effect
  • natural source: volcanoes
  • Anthro source: burning of fossil fuels
  • 90% is anthropogenic
  • reflect solar radiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Black Carbon Aerosols

A
  • warming effect
  • natural source: biomass burning (forest fires)
  • anthropogenic sources: incomplete combustion from coal diesel engines, biomass burning (deforestation)
  • elemental carbon/soot
  • absorbs solar radiation, low albedo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Organic carbon

A
  • cooling effect
  • natural source: biomass burning
  • anthropogenic source: fossil fuel burning, deforestation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

climate model

A

a mathematical representation of the physical processes that control climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

factors effecting emissions

A
  • global population
  • energy generation
  • economic growth
  • type of economy
  • cooperation among countries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

RCP

A

representative concentration pathways

17
Q

mitigation scenario

A

RCP 2.6: low forcing level. radiative forcing peaks and declines by 2100

18
Q

stabilization scenarios

A

RCP 4.5 and RCP 6.0: for RCP 4.5, radiative forcing stabilizes by 2100
for RCP6, radiate forcing does not peak by 2100

19
Q

High GHG emissions scenarios

A

RCP8.5: Radiative forcing does not peak by 2100

20
Q

Climate models, use past or present do test?

A

past

21
Q

Does land or sea surface temperature increase more? why?

A

Land because water reflects more solar radiation, while land retains more heat.

22
Q

Climate changes in Cali

A
  • Coastal Danger
  • bad air days
  • droughts and wildfires
  • spreading diseases
  • loss of native fish
23
Q

Negative of groundwater pumping

A

is we pull out the water, this would cause the land to sink

24
Q

atmospheric rivers

A

narrow jets of very humid air that normally originate in the warm subtropical Pacific Ocean

25
Q

valley fever

A

fatal disease caused by inhaling microscopic spores of soil dwelling fungus

26
Q

3 step framework for climate change solutions

A

reduce emission sources, support ghgs sinks, improve society

27
Q

one time actions

A

buying an energy efficient car

changing to led lights

28
Q

behavioral changes

A

recycling, take shorter showers, taking public transit instead of a car

29
Q

baseline

A

amount of energy intended to satisfy an avg customer’s electricity needs in a given area

30
Q

food miles

A

number of miles (km) that food is transported from origin to your mouth

31
Q

food energy efficiency

A

inputfossilenergy/calories

32
Q

four methods for CO2 storage

A
  • diversion into industrial processes
  • conversion to mineral carbonates
  • pumping into deep ocean
  • (BEST) burial in deep geological formations
33
Q

negatives to deep ocean CO2 storage

A
  • interfere with aerobic respiration
  • may prove toxic to certain organisms
  • dissolution into carbonate and bicorbnate forms would acidify seawater
34
Q

where to do co2 burial in geological formations

A
  • depleted or natural gas fields
  • deep coal seams
  • saline formation
  • cons: costly
35
Q

mitigation

A

action taken to halt or decrease environmental impact of a particular action

36
Q

adaptation

A

a change of the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to the environment

met (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions