MT 1

Question 1

Gang

Answer 1

It is an interstitial group ford spontaneously integrated through conflict characterized by meeting face to face, milling, movement through a space or unit, conflict, and planning.
The result of this collective behavior is the development of the tradition, internal structure, solidarity, morale, and attachment.

Question 2

Mob

Answer 2

When the gang is inflamed it may behave like this group.

Question 3

Parallel type

Answer 3

Includes a such movements such as a rush for seats or for a prize.

Question 4

Cooperative type

Answer 4

Includes gang exploits such as roaming, migration, attack, stealing, and games. Implies a certain amount of unity or solidarity. The circular type maybe seen as the preparation for action (linear).

Question 5

Combative movement

Answer 5

Includes conflict behavior of a group such as a gang, battle, war, or feud. Linear movement eventually becomes combative and ends the group act. Combat serves the purpose of further integrating the gang and augmenting its solidarity.

Question 6

Dispersive movement

Answer 6

Includes panic type of behavior such as a rout or a stampede. Represents an unsuccessful combat where the gang’s morale breaks and lacks cohesion. Success in combat may lead to a circular movement.

Question 7

Professional theif

Answer 7

It is an organized crime and has a complex set of abilities and skills similar to any profession such as a physician, lawyer, or bricklayer.

Question 8

Motivation

Answer 8

For the offender prior to committing a crime there is always a cause.

Question 9

Minority

Answer 9

For the inner black community nothing is more pressing than the interpersonal violence and aggression it wreaks havoc daily with the lives of community residents and spills over into downtown and residential middle-class areas.

Question 10

The Safe Third Country stipulation/ the Dublin Regulation.

Answer 10

When refugees were only able to receive status if they migrated directly to Canada or the USA without any stops or immigration shopping.

Question 11

Red Tape

Answer 11

Excessive bureaucracy or adherence to rules and formalities.

Question 12

Bureaucracy

Answer 12

A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

Question 13

Gottfredson and Hirschi

Answer 13

Crime is the “use of force and fraud”.

Question 14

Downes and Rock

Answer 14

They avoided defining crime and instead said that these are behaviors that are controlled and attract punishment and consequences.

Question 15

Becker

Answer 15

He said that deviance is nothing more than a label.

Question 16

Stephen J Pfohl

Answer 16

He said that deviance is the violation of a social norm and if you were to tell members of society they would aim to control or repress the behavior.

Question 17

Constructionists

Answer 17

They view crime and deviance subjectively.

Question 18

Relativism

Answer 18

A label

Question 19

Subjectivism

Answer 19

A personal experience

Question 20

Voluntarism

Answer 20

Based on free will.

Question 21

Positivism

Answer 21

Viewing crime and deviance like a science.

Question 22

Absolutism

Answer 22

Intrinsically real

Question 23

Objectivism

Answer 23

Observable

Question 24

Determinism

Answer 24

Causal explanation

Question 25

Conformity

Answer 25

Adherence to social norms

Question 26

Non-conformity

Answer 26

Violation of social norms but the response is just wierded out

Question 27

Epistemology

Answer 27

Ideas about how best to study society - more of a method.

Question 28

Ontology

Answer 28

Claims about what is the nature of social reality - data.

Question 29

Causality

Answer 29

Something that directly impacts something else.

Question 30

Variables

Answer 30

The variables used in the statistical test.

Question 31

Temporal

Answer 31

The order or sequence of events.

Question 32

Covariance

Answer 32

The variables should be non-spurious.

Question 33

Non Spurious

Answer 33

This is when there is no 3rd variable acting as the cause for example: as ice cream consumption increases the number of children drowning increases the 2 are not related rather it is the warm weather that is causing the increase in ice cream consumption and children going swimming.

Question 34

Research

Answer 34

Research basis

Question 35

Reliable

Answer 35

The results are consistent.

Question 36

Valid

Answer 36

An accurate system of measurement is used.

Question 37

Representative

Answer 37

A generalization

Question 38

Correlation

Answer 38

The two variables are related.

Question 39

Synopticism

Answer 39

When the masses are looking at a small group or few (celebrities) to determine their morality and moral becomes unclear because they look up to them.

Question 40

Panopticism

Answer 40

When there is a small group that watch the masses monitor them and control.

Question 41

Historical Crime

Answer 41

"Behaviour in violation of law."

Question 42

Modern Crime

Answer 42

Our modern understanding of law is based in classical theory. It suggests that laws should be, and are, established when social harm occurs.

Question 43

Crime

Answer 43

Violation of the coded law