MSTE Flashcards by Azalea Choi

A series of interconnected or interlaced cracks caused by fatigue failure of the asphalt concrete surface under repeated traffic loading.

ALLIGATOR CRACKING

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Cracks forming large interconnected polygons, usually with sharp corners or angle. These cracks are generally caused by hardening and shrinkage of the asphalt and or reflection cracking from underlying layers such as cement-treated base.

BLOCK CRACKING

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Cracks approximately at right angles to the pavement centerline. These may be caused by shrinkage or differential thermal stress of the asphalt concrete or maybe reflective cracks.

TRANSVERSE CRACKING

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Wearing away of the pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregated particles and binder. This is usually a result of insufficient asphalt binder in the mix or stripping of asphalt from particles of aggregate.

raveling

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Cracks approximately at right angles to the pavement center-line. These are caused by poorly constructed construction joints and shrinkage of the asphalt concrete surface; they may also be reflective cracks.

LONGITUDINAL CRACKING

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Progressive disintegration of the surface between the wheel paths caused by dripping of gasoline or oil from vehicles.

DIP TRACK RAVELING

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The exuding of bitumen onto the pavement surface, causing a reduction in skid resistance. It is generally caused by excessive amounts of asphalt in the mix or low air voids content. It occurs when asphalt fills the voids in the mix during hot weather and then exudes out onto the surface of the pavement.

BLEEDING or FLUSHING

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Elevation differences between adjacent slabs at transverse joints. It is usually the result of pumping and is a major source of Portland concrete pavement failure.

FAULTING

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Local sagging in the pavement caused by differential settlement, consolidation, or movement of the underlying earth mass.

SETTLEMENT

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Localized upward buckling and shattering of the slabs at transverse joints or cracks. They can occur when transverse joints are filled with incompressible solid materials. They are especially common where pavement is sanded in winter to counteract icy conditions and in areas subject to large temperature changes.

BLOWUPS

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The breakdown or disintegration of slab edges at joints or cracks, usually resulting in the loss of sound concrete and the progressive widening of joint or crack.

JOINT or CRACK SPALLING

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Abnormal surface wear, usually resulting from poor quality surface mortar or coarse aggregate.

SURFACE ATTRITION or SURFACE ABRASION

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Loss of the original texture due to the traffic action.

SURFACE POLISH

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A measure of concrete consistency obtained by placing concrete into a test cone following a standard test and measuring the decrease in height of the sample when the cone is removed.

SLUMP

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They are often used as surface treatments when the pavement is likely to be subjected to spills of petroleum fuels such as airfield aprons and taxi ways, and in gasoline stations.

TAR

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The time lost by traffic due to traffic frictions and traffic control devices.

DELAY

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The delay that vehicles experience regardless of the amount of
traffic volume and interference present.

FIXED DELAY

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Thedelaycausedbyinterferencefromothercomponents of the traffic stream, or resulting from congestion, parking maneuvers, pedestrian and turning moments.

OPERATIONAL DELAY

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The difference between the actual time required to traverse a section of street or highway and the time corresponding to the average speed of traffic under uncongested conditions.

TRAVEL TIME DELAY

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A highway devoted entirely to the task of trafficmovement, performing no land service function, and on which all crossing conflicts are removed by grade separation.

FREEWAY

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Anaccesscontrolledhighwaywhichmayormaynotbedividedor have grade separations at intersections.

EXPRSSWAY

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This is a drawing of the facility as it would look to an observer directly above it.

PLAN VIEW

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This drawing has elevation as its vertical axis, and horizontal distance as measured along the centerline of the facility (or other reference line), as its horizontal axis.

PROFILE

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This view has elevation as its vertical axis and horizontal distance, measured perpendicular to the centerline, as its horizontal axis.

GEOMETRIC CROSS-SECTION

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This applies to curved facilities, such as highways or railways, only. It consists of a graph with roadway or railway cross slope versus horizontal distance.

SUPERELEVATION DIAGRAM

occurs when vehicles enter a traffic stream.

MERGING

occurs when vehicles leave the traffic stream.

DIVERGING

occurs when vehicles cross paths by first merging and then diverging.

WEAVING

occurs when they cross paths directly.

CROSSING CONFLICTS

the basis for design of transportation system operating strategies, traffic control systems and certain physical features of transportation systems.

ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC FLOW

the reciprocal of flow or average time separation of vehicles in the traffic stream and is usually measured in seconds.

HEADWAY

– the fraction of time that vehicles are present at a point in space.

OCCUPANCY

Traffic signals operate by assigning the right of way successively to intersection approaches. The red, yellow or green lights that is displayed to drivers in a given movement.

INDICATION

The time required for one complete sequence of signal indications.

Cycle

The time spent loading and unloading passengers.

DWELL TIME

Waves formed by gravitational attraction of the moon and sun.

TIDES

The bending of waves as they slow down. A change in the dissection of travel of the wave with change in depth of water which distributes wave energy along the seashore unevenly.

WVE REFRACTION

Waves that have propagated beyond the initial winds that generated them. Waves generated by storms which occur outside area of observation.

SWELL

The distance that a wind blows across the water.

FETCH

The graphical representation of the direction frequency of winds at a particular location over a period of time.

WIND ROSE

A very long standing wave on a large but limited body of water generally occurring when a storm dies down after producing a wind tide.

SEICHE

The difference in height between the mean higher high water and the mean lower low water.

Diurnal range

When the lines connecting the earth with the sun and the moon form a right angle, that is the moon is in her quarters, then the actions of the moon and sun are subtractive and the lowest tides of the month occur.

neap tide

Bituminous materials serves to bond the aggregates particles in a flexible pavement.

Binder

In additions to the waste aggregate (gravel) and time aggregate (sand) used in concrete mixes, asphalt mixes often contain a third size of aggregates.

fines

Surface treatments or overstays of asphalt and concrete.

resurfacing

A condition when the water pressure exactly equals soil weight, the soil will behave like a liquid.

liquefaction or quicksand

If the water pressures is strong enough to move subsurface soil up through the bottom of the cut.

boiling or piping

When the concrete has hardened sufficiently so that a worker’s foot makes only a small impression in the surface, the concrete is floated with a wood or metal float to smooth and compact the surface while embedding aggregate particles.

floating

When the concrete has hardened sufficiently so that workers foot makes only a small impression on the surface, the concrete is floated with wood or metal float which smooths and compacts the surface while embedding aggregate particles, after this a process is use to make a smooth dense surface.

twowelling

The process of the placing temporary shores under slabs or structural members form have been stripped.

reshoring

The most significant property of cohesive soil.

consistency

The bending force that holds soil grains together

Cohesion

The resistance of the soil grains to their tendency to slide over one another.

INTERNAL FRICTION OF A SOIL

The appearance of a powdery material on the surface of a newly hardened concrete pavement.

dusting

A material’s capacity to absorb impact without fracturing or it is defined as the total energy, from elastic deformation to fracture, that a material can absorbed before breaking under impact.

toughness

Generally, the dry materials used in making quality concrete are heavier than water. Thus, shortly after placement, they have a tendency to settle at the bottom and displace the mixing water to the surface.

bleeding

is the bringing of a concrete surface to true grade with enough mortar to produce the desired finish.

leveling

is the breaking away of the hardened concrete surface of a slab to a depth of about 1.6 to 4.8 mm. It usually occurs at an early age of the slab.

scaling

is the occurrence of numerous fine hair cracks in the surface of a newly hardened slab to surface shrinkage.

crazing

is a measure of the degree to which the surface of a slab deviates from a plane.

flatness

is a measure of the degree to which slab deviates from horizontal.

levelness

Whenmortarisnotusedimmediatelyafteritismixed,someofits water may evaporate and water is added to such mortar.

retampering

It is installed of vulnerable locations in masonry to help water from entering and to collect water that has entered the masonry and divert it through weep holes to the exterior.

flashing

Materials in its natural state before disturbance, often referred to as in place or in situ.

bank

- Materials that has been excavated or loaded.

loose

soil increases in volume when it is excavated because the soil grains are loosened during excavation and air fills the void spaces created. As a result, a unit volume of soil in the bank condition will occupy more than one unit volume after excavation.

swell

When a soil is compacted, some of the air is forced out of the soil’s void spaces. As a result, the soil will occupy less volume than it did under either the bank or loose conditions.

shrinkage

When planning and estimating earthwork, it is frequently necessary to determine the size of the pile of material that will be created by the material removed from the excavation. If the pile of material is long in relation to its width.

spoil bank

The bucket capacity when the load is struck off flush with the bucket sides.

struck capacity

The bucket capacity which assumes a level ofmaterial flush with the lowest edge of the bucket (that is the material level corresponds to thewater level that would result if the bucket were filled with water.

water line capacity

The bucket volume contained within the bucket when following the outline of the bucket sides.

plate line capacity

means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps usually with vertical or near vertical surfaces between levels.

benching

means the members of shoring system that retain the earth position and in turn are supported by other members of the shoring system.

sheeting

means a structure such as a metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber, that supports the sides of an excavation and which is designed to prevent cave-ins.

shoring

means a structure such as underpinning bracing or shoring, which provides support to an adjacent structure, underground installation or the sides of excavation TRENCH – means a narro

support system

means a narrow excavation (in relation to its length) made below the surface of the ground.

trench

means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating to form sides of an excavation that are inclined away from the excavation so as to prevent cave-ins.

sloping

means a structure that is able to withstand the force imposed on it by a cave-in and thereby protect employees from the structure.

shield

An act strengthening compliance with occupational safety and health (OSH) standards and providing penalties for violations thereof.

Republic Act no. 11058

This policy issuance defines and enumerates the implementing rules and regulations of the act strengthening compliance with OSH standards.

DOLE Department Order no. 198, s. 2018

- This entity is responsible for the conduct of continuing studies and research to develop innovative methods, techniques, and approaches for dealing with occupational safety and health problems.

Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)

Any person trained and duly certified to administer first aid by the Philippine Red Cross or any organization authorized by DOLE Secretary.

first-aider

A qualified Safety Officer 4 or its equivalent, duly certified by DOLE to perform and/or render consultative services on Occupational Safety and health in at least two (2) fields of specialization ask determined by DOLE.

osh consultant

A qualified first-aider, nurse, dentist, or physician engaged by the employer to provide occupational health services in the establishment, project, site, or workplace.

osh personnel

A set of rules issued by DOLE which mandates the adoption and use of appropriate practices, means, methods operations or processes, and working conditions reasonably necessary to ensure safe and healthful employment.

osh standards

A body created within the workplace tasked with the authority to plan, develop and implement OSH policies andprograms, monitor, and evaluate the OSH program, and inspect and investigate all aspects of the work pertaining to the safety and health of workers.

Safety and health committee

A set of detailed rules to govern company policies, processes, and practices in all economic activities to conform with OSH standards, including the personnel responsible, and penalties for any violation thereof.

Safety and health program

A regular and critical examination of project sites, safety programs, records, and management performance on program standards on safety and health conducted by the safety officer.

Safety and health audit

Specialized clothing or equipment designed to protect workers against safety and health hazards that may cause serious workplace injuries and illness, i.e., protection for the body, eyes, head, face, hands, feet, ears, etc.

Personal protective equipment

(Fire Protection). To call attention to fire protection equipment apparatus and facilities.

RED Signages

(Safety). Designating “safety”.

GREEN SIGNAGES

(Traffic). White, black, or a combination of these for designation of traffic and housekeeping marking.

WHITE Signages

(Caution). To designate caution and for marking physical hazards.

YELLOW signages

(Alert). To designate dangerous parts of machines or energized equipment which may cause injury/hazard

Orange signages

(Precaution). To designate caution limited to warning against starting, use of, or movement of equipment under repair or being worked upon.

BLUE SIGNAGES

(Radiation). To designate radiation hazards.

PURPLE signages

Freedom from accidents; absence of hazardous conditions and acts.

safety

Freedom from illness; state of wellness, not just absence of disease.

health

The potential of an act or condition that can lead to an accident.

hazard

- The chance of physical or personal loss

risk

An unexpected, unforeseen, unplanned and unwanted occurrence or event that causes damage or loss of materials or properties, injury or death.

accidents

A disruption in the normal process which does not results to injury or equipment damage.

NEAR MISS

Any human action that violates a commonly accepted safe work procedure or standard operating procedure.

unsafe act

Defines as the physical or chemical property of a material, machine or the environment which could possibly cause injury to people, damage to property, disrupt operations in a plant or office or other forms of losses. Can be guarded or prevented.

unsafe condition

The process where you identify hazards, analyze or evaluate the risk associated with that hazards, and determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard.

risk assessment

This is a short meeting usually held to discuss safety and health conditions in the workplace.

tool box meeting

A real safety & health inspection. It is deliberate, thorough, and systematic by design.

planned inspection

It is a collective effort that focuses both on the different jobs in a company, and a group of people tasked to identify them.

Job hazard analyst