MST/CT Flashcards
desmosome? structural support via ?
macula adherens;
via keratin
rotator cuff mm innervated by what nn?
why is supraspinatus vulnerable ?
C5-C6 //
b/c b/w acromion and humerus head
dislocation of lunate may cause?
acute carpal tunnel syndome
brachial plexus is protect from injury by ?
by subclavius muscle
clavicle mm ?
subclavius and deltoid (lat inf); trapezius (lat inf);
SCM (med sup); pectoralis major (med inf)
axillary nerve w/ anterior circumflex humeral aa injury - which joint most commonly dislocated ?
glenohumeral joint, esply anterior dislocation b/c shallow articulation b/w humeral head and glenoid fossa of scapula
radial nn in spinal groove travels w/ ?
median nn damaged how and travels w/ ?
deep brachial aa /
brachial aa ; compressed by supracondylar fracture of humerus; pronator teres syndrome
radial nerve (deep branch) damaged how ?
stretched by subluxation of radius; nursemaid’s elbow b/c annular ligament torn in kids <5 y/o
anterior interosseus nn damaged how ?
ulnar nerve damaged how ?
compressed in deep forearm //
heel of hand trauma; fracture of hook of hamate
klumpke’s palsy and thoracic outlet syndrome?
(C8, T1) ;
atrophy of thenar and hypothenar; atrophy of interosseous mm; sensory deficits on medial side of forearm and hand; radial pulse gone w/ head to ipsi side
axillary nn ? musculocutaneous ? ulnar ??
radial and median ?
C5 6 ; C5-7 ; C8-T1 //
all
(median nn does opposition of thumb)
pope’s blessing and ape hand ?
proximal median nn lesion = can not make fist
long thoracic nn ?
C5 - C7
which nn for opposition of thumb ?
which nn for thumb extensioon and abduction ?
median nn //
radial nn
obturator (L2-L4) damaged how ?
anterior hip dislocation
femoral (L2-L4) damaged how and sensory deficits ?
pelvis fracture /
anterior thigh; medial leg (saphenous nn)
common peroneal (L4-S2) damaged how and sensory deficits ?
trauma or compression of lateral aspect of leg or fibula neck fracture //
antero (deep nn) lateral (superficial nn) leg and dorsal foot
tibial nn (L4-S3) damaged how and travels where ?
knee trauma ; courses thru popliteal fossa w/ popliteal aa vv
osteoblasts differentiate from?
vs osteoclasts ?
mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum //
multinucleated, diff from monocytes/ macros
glucocorticoids contraindicated in what?
type II osteoporosis;
most common site is vertebral bodies - spongy bone
dec CA, inc ALP seen in ?
mutations (e.g. carbonic anhydrase II) impair ability of osteoclast to generate acidic environment in ?
osteopetrosis (marble bone disease)
inc BF from inc AV shunts may cause high output heart failure in ?
paget’s disease of bone (osteitis deformans)
McCune-Albright Syndome? - polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
multiple unilateral bone lesions assoc w/ endocrine abnorms (precocious puberty) and cafe-au-lait spots
osteomyelitis seeds where in kids vs adults ?
kids - metaphysis;
adults - epiphysis
chondrosarcoma ?
expansile glistening mass w/in medullary cavity
translocation in ewing’s sarcoma ?
t (11;22)
osteoid osteoma?
usually in diaphysis; radiolucent focus surrounded by slerotic bone;
nocturnal pain relieved by aspirin!
subchondral cysts, osteophytes in ?
osteoarthritis
pannus formation, baker’s cyst (in political fossa) anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody is more specific ; inc synovial fluid, symmetric in ?
RA (type 3 HS); assoc w/ HLA DR4
juvenile RA ?
before age 16, inc likelihood of systemic onset, large joint involvement, and ANA+
sjogren’s syndrome ? type HS and what infiltrates ?
type 4 HS w/ fibrosis ; lymphocytes infiltration
in gout what phagocytosizes the uric acid crystals ?
neutrophils
in pseudogout, what kind of crystals ?
basophilic, rhomboid
SLE most common CV syndrome ? most common cause of death ?
most sensitive marker ? vs very specific vs for drug induced lupus ?
pericarditis //
nephritis, also infection //
ANA, dsDNA, antiSM (not prognostic) ; antihistone Abs
urticaria?
superficial dermal edema; no epidermal changes
munro microabscesses seen in ? and auspitz sign ?
munro = neutros in stratum corneum;
Auspitz sign- pinpoint bleeding spots;
seen in psoriasis ; also inc stratum spinosum, dec stratum granulosum
spongiosis seen in ?
allergic contact dermatitis (epidermal accum of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces)
pemphigus vulgaris involves? Nikolsky’s sign?
involves skin and oral mucosa;
IgG Ab against demoglein 3;
Nikolsky’s sign - sep of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
bullous pemphigold, what are in tense blisters?
eosinophils;
IgG Ab against hemidesmosomes
erythema multiforme assoc w/ ?
infections (mycoplasma pneumo, HSV),
drugs (sulfa drgs, Beta-lactams, phenytoin)
erythema nodosum is and assoc w/ ?
inflamm lesions of subQ fat usually anterior shins;
sarcoidosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, TB, strept, leprosy and Crohn’s disease
Lichen planus? where ? assoc w/ ?
commonly on wrists, elbows, oral mucosa // sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction;
assoc w/ hepatitis C.
in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), extoxin destroys?
keratinocyte attachments in stratum granulosum only!
vs TEN is at epiderm derm junction
melanoma often driven by?
activating mutation in BRAF kinase ;
superficial spreading, nodular melanoma, lentigomaligna, acrolentiginous
metastatic or unresectable melanoma in pts w/ BRAF V600E mutation may benefit from ?
vemurafenib
calcipotriene? vs acitretin ?
topical vit D analog for psoriasis //
for systemic psoriasis
both activate nuclear transc factors
febuxostat mech ?
inhibits xanthine oxidase == like allopurinol !
probenecid mech ?
inhibits reabs of uric acid in PCT;
also inhibits secretion of penicillin
etanercept mech ?
fusion protein (R for TNF-alpha + IgG1 Fc
in sarcoidosis, epithelial granulomas contain ?
microscopic Schaumann and asteroid bodies
osteonecrosis most common site is ?
femoral head
ankylosing spondylitis comps ?
ankylosis, uveitis, aortic regurg
polymyositis vs dermatomyositis ?
CD8 T cells vs CD4 T cells
scleroderma most likely cause of death ? marker ?
pulm scl70 Ab (anti DNA topoisom I Ab)
acanthosis ?
epidermal hyperplasia , inc spinosum; in acanthosis nigricans and psoriasis
melanocytic nevus - intradermal vs junctional ?
intradermal = most common in adults; papular / junctional = most common in children, flat macules at dermal epi junction
bullous impetigo usually caused by ?
staph aureus
cellulitis ?
painful, acute spreading infection of dermis and subQ tiss
celecoxib spares platelet fxn b/c?
TXA2 prod is dependent on COX1 !
lateral epicondyitis ?
tennis elbow = overuse of superficial extensor mm
most common of lateral ligaments of foot to be injured ?
anterior talofibular ligament (lateral weaker than medial) ; usually from inversion and plantarflexion
