MSS Joint Disease and Arthritis Flashcards
What is arthritis/arthropathy?
SCECTTOB
.
What is synovitis? + which joints r affected
Inflammation in the synovium
Swelling in mcp joints
What does this show?
US scan of mcp joint: white line is the bone, rest labelled below.
Area above represents tendon. normal joint: smooth, thin, no obvious changes
RHS shows distended synovium → inflammation. when there is inflammation, there will be need for more blood supply to the tissue, which can be seen via ultrasound
Tenosynovitis? - describe the swelling/ inflammation
Inflammation of the tenosynovium which encloses the tendon.
The swelling is diffused.
Linear inflammation, more localised
Osteitis?- what is this sometimes caused by?
what can get compromised?
Sometimes this is caused by a lack of blood supply; small blood vessels feeding the bone become compromised - leading to damage and inflammatory reaction.
What are bursae and Bursitis?
Bursae = small fluid filled sacs that lie between tendon + rest of joint
First pic shows patellar bursitis
How would you assess a patient w suspected arthritis? (history taking)
.
What else would you ask in patient history of arthritis?
Context *For example, Patients with rheumatoid arthritis may experience ocular symptoms such as dryness, redness, or scleritis (inflammation of the sclera), as well as respiratory symptoms such as pleurisy (inflammation of the lining of the lungs). They may also have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal complications such as peptic ulcers.
Similarly, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is another autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems. Patients with SLE may experience neurological symptoms such as seizures or neuropathy, as well as urinary symptoms such as nephritis (inflammation of the kidneys)*
What do these images show?
RHS image shows rash + deformity ⇒ ?
? affects some people w ?
It typically causes affected joints to become ?. Like ?, ? is a ? condition that can get ?.
LHS image shows ?
RHS image shows rash + deformity ⇒ psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis affects some people w psoriasis
It typically causes affected joints to become swollen, stiff and painful. Like psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis is a long-term condition that can get progressively worse.
LHS image shows reactive arthritis after acute infection
What does this image show and therefore indicate?
What does the immune system attack in this condition and what does it cause?
It can affect ? (6 things).
Can also cause ?
Facial + malar rash. it is a light reaction, typical for SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus= most common type of lupus.
In SLE the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organs. It can affect the joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels.
Can also cause oral and genital ulcers
What does this indicate?
Ulcers
Inflammation in the blood vessels called vasculitis
Raynaud’s?
What is it triggered by?
What happens to blood vessels?
triggered by cold, anxiety or stress.
Here, blood vessels go into a temporary spasm, which blocks the flow of blood. This causes the affected area to change colour to white, then blue and then red, as the bloodflow returns.
Scleritis?
What does the pic show?
Sclera can become thin and then perforated. Pic shows scleritis in the presence of rheumatoid arthritis
compare inflammatory vs non inflammatory arthritis?
pain & stiffness
What are the different inflammatory and non-inflammatory arthritis conditions?
spondyloarthroplathies - attacks the spine, main symptom = low back pain.
Monoarthritis refers to clinical presentation of pain or swelling in a single joint. Describe the difference between acute and chronic
Trauma and hemarthrosis, TB and tumours are ONLY IN MONO
NO JIA
What is oligoarthritis? + patterns of joint involvement
Oligoarthritis= arthritis in 2-4 joints
Polyarthritis?
Polyarthritis - five or more joints
What do these images suggest?
What do these suggest?
What does this suggest?
The toes= dactylitis, the main cause of this is psoriasis
Enthesitis?
what happens to the inflammation after a while?
Enthesitis - inflammation of the enthesis, the sites where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone
Pic shows insertion of achilles tendon. it is slightly swollen. after a while, the inflammation will become calcified which can be seen on x-rays
