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MSRA > MSRA Orthopaedic Anatomy > Flashcards

MSRA Orthopaedic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the nerve roots for the following reflexes:

Plantar, Ankle, Knee, Bicep, Tricep.

A 
Plantar: (S1)
Ankle S1, S2
Knee L3, L4
Bicep C5, C6
Triceps C7, C8

S1/S2 Pick up shoes
L3/L4 Kick the door
C5/C6 Pick up sticks
C7/C8 Tricep dips mate

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2
Q

Name the relevant dermatome: big toe and dorsum of the foot.

A

L5

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3
Q

Name the relevant dermatome: kneecap

A

L4 (down on all fours)

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4
Q

Name the relevant dermatome: lateral foot and little toe

A

S1

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5
Q

Name the relevant dermatome: lower thigh

A

L2 and L3

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6
Q

Name the relevant dermatome: inguinal ligament

A

L1

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7
Q

Name the relevant dermatome: umbilicus

A

T10 (belly but-‘ten’)

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8
Q

Name the relevant dermatome: trapezius and shoulder

A

C3, C4

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9
Q

Name the relevant dermatome: lateral arm and thumb

A

C5, C6

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10
Q

Name the relevant dermatome: medial arm

A

C8, T1

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11
Q

Name the relevant dermatome: S2, S3,

A

Genitalia and buttock

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12
Q

Sensory nerve supply of the hand:

A

Ulnar nerve: little finger and half of ring finger
Median nerve: tips and palmar aspect of thumb, 2nd and 3rd finger.
Radial: dorsal aspect of thumb 2nd and 3rd finger

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13
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: femoral

A

Motor: knee extension and thigh flexion (straight leg raise)

Sensory: anterior aspect of the thigh and lower leg

Nerve root: L2,L3 and L4

Injury: pelvic/hip fractures, stab/gunshot wounds

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14
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: obturator

A

Motor: Thigh adduction (moving thigh back to midline)

Sensory: Medial thigh

Nerve root: L2, L3, L4

Injury: Anterior hip dislocation

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15
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: Tibial

A

Motor: Foot plantarflexion and inversion

Sensory: Sole of foot

Nerve root: L4-S3 (branch of sciatic so shares nerve roots)

Injury: Not commonly injured as deep and well protected.
Popliteal lacerations, posterior knee dislocation

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16
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: common peroneal nerve

A

Motor: Foot dorsiflexion and eversion and extensor hallucis longus (big toe extension) aka foot drop

Nerve root: L4, L5, S1, S2

Sensory: Dorsum of the foot and the lower lateral part of the leg

Injury: often occurs at the neck of the fibula
Tightly applied lower limb plaster cast

17
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: superior glueteal nerve

A

Motos: Hip abduction

Sensory: None

Nerve root: L4, L5 S1

Injury:
Misplaced intramuscular injection
Hip surgery
Pelvic fracture
Posterior hip dislocation

Injury results in a positive Trendelenburg sign
When standing on one leg the pelvis drops on the opposite side

18
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: inferior gluteal nerve

A

Motor: Hip extension and lateral rotation

Sensory: None

Nerve root: L5, S1, S2

Injury: Generally injured in association with the sciatic nerve

Injury results in difficulty rising from seated position. Can’t jump, can’t climb stairs

19
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: lateral cutaneous nerve

A

No motor

Nerve root: L2, L3

Sensory: lateral and posterior aspect of the thigh

Injury: Compression of the nerve near the ASIS → meralgia paraesthetica (skinny jeans syndrome)

20
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: sciatic nerve

A

Motor: Foot drop and external rotation and abduction contracture of the hip

Sensory: Foot and lower leg (except medial aspect)

Nerve root: L4-S3 (not sciatic nerve splits into common peroneal and tibial)

Injury: Hip replacement, misplaced injections

21
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: Musculocutaneous nerve.

A

Root: C5-C7

Motor: Elbow flexion (supplies biceps brachii) and supination

Sensory: Lateral part of the forearm

Injury: Isolated injury rare - usually injured as part of brachial plexus injury

22
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: axillary nerve

A

Root C5,C6

Motor: Shoulder abduction (deltoid muscle)

Sensory: Inferior region of the deltoid muscle

Injury: Humeral neck fracture/dislocation

Results in flattened deltoid

23
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: radial nerve

A

Root: C5-C8

Motor: Extension (forearm, wrist, fingers, thumb) Small area between the dorsal aspect of the 1st and 2nd metacarpals. Palsy results in wrist drop.

Sensory: Humeral midshaft fracture

24
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: Median nerve

A

Roots: C6, C8, T1

Motor: LOAF muscles
Features depend on the site of the lesion:
Wrist: paralysis of thenar muscles, opponens pollicis
Elbow: loss of pronation of forearm and weak wrist flexion

Sensory: Palmar aspect and tips of lateral 3½ fingers

Injury: Wrist lesion → carpal tunnel syndrome

25
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: Ulnar nerve

A

Root: C8, T1

Motor: Intrinsic hand muscles except LOAF and wrist flexion

Sensory: Medial 1½ fingers

Injury: Medial epicondyle fracture

Damage may result in a ‘claw hand’

26
Q

For the following nerve, describe the motor, sensory function, nerve root and possible mechanism of injury: long thoracic nerve

A

Root: C5-C7

Motor: Serratus anterior, damage results in a winged scapula

No sensory

Often during sport e.g. following a blow to the ribs. Also possible complication of mastectomy

27
Q

What is Erb-Duchenne palsy?

A

Also known as ‘waiter’s tip’

Due to damage of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5,C6) may be secondary to shoulder dystocia during birth the arm hangs by the side and is internally rotated, elbow extended.

28
Q

What is Klumpke injury.

A

Due to damage of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus (C8, T1) as above, may be secondary to shoulder dystocia during birth.

Also may be caused by a sudden upward jerk of the hand associated with Horner’s syndrome

MSRA (3 decks)

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