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MSPII_Test2 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F

Vection can be caused by visual stimulation?

A

True

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2
Q

Vection is considered to be a category of illusory or visual motion?

A

IT IS NOT CONSIDERED to be a category of visual motion.

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3
Q

What is vection sometimes referred as?

A

Self-vection

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4
Q

What contributes to visual motion perception

A

Retinal motion

Eye/Head motion

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5
Q

Which motion system requires motion of the object’s image across the retina?

A

Retinal motion perception

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6
Q

Which motion system keeps the information about the object motion within the visual pathways?

A

Retinal motion system

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7
Q

Which motion system keeps the retinal image of moving objects still on the fovea?

A

Eye/Head Motion

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8
Q

Which motion system involves the muscular, oculomotor control, and vestibular system?

A

Eye/Head Motion

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9
Q

What is the perceptual disappearance of a stabilized retinal image referred to as?

A

Troxler effect

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10
Q

What kinds of changes is the human visual system sensitive to?

A

Changes in light stimulation!!!

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11
Q

How is a retinal image considered stabilized?

A

When it moves exactly with the retina.

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12
Q

Can an eye make voluntary or involuntary movements and still considered to be stabilized on the retina?

A

True, as long as it moves exactly with the retina.

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13
Q

T/F?

Troxler effect is related to spatial frequency?

A

True

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14
Q

T/F?

Neurons tuned to low spatial frequency do not tolerate more motion before responding?

A

False

They do tolerate more motion before responding at low spatial frequency. Object is easier to follow.

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15
Q

Why don’t we see the arteries and veins in our eyes?

A

Troxler effect.

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16
Q

Talk to me about the shadows of blood vessels as being stabilized retinal images.

A

They move with the retina as the eye moves so their position on the retina does not change.

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17
Q

T/F?

The minimum amplitude of perceivable motion varies with retinal eccentricity?

A

Verdad
Fovea: 20 arc seconds or less
40 degrees from fovea: 5 arc mins

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18
Q

T/F?

The minimum velocity of perceivable motion is worst when it is near a stationary reference stimulus?

A

False.

It is much better, matter of fact 10X better.

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19
Q

T/F Retinal motion detection thresholds decreases with increasing luminance?

A

True

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20
Q

What is the purpose of vision?

A

To acquire knowledge

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21
Q

What is V4 responsible for?

A

Color

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22
Q

What is IT responsible for?

A

Form perception/faces

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23
Q

What is V5/MT responsible for?

A

Motion

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24
Q

What is V1 responsible for?

A

Contour edges and orientation

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25
The { } is defined by erroneous perception due to incomplete, ambiguous, or contradictory visual information
Visual Illusions
26
What does many geometric illusions involve?.
Ambiguous or misleading monocular depth cues.
27
What does geometric illusions reveal?
Rules for sensory signals when there is a mismatch in processing the various "primitives" that make up the percept.
28
What are the four geometric illusions?
Muller-lyer illusion Herring illusion Wundt illusion Zollner Illusion
29
With the muller-lyer illusion, the weird house; which constancy do we use to help us out?
Size constancy to try to align the off-scaling. | Due to ambiguous information, we are tricked and it doesn't work.
30
T/F? | We tend to interpret everything in 3D?
True
31
Name two examples of Stripey illusion
Oppel-Kundt illusion | Helmholtz Square illusion.
32
We process direction differently from................
Location!!! | Seen especially with café wall and tilt illusions
33
T/F? | Figure ground problems are also ambiguous?
Cierto.
34
What are some properties of figure ground segregation?
- The figure is More memorable - Figure is seen as in front of the ground - The ground is seen as unformed material - Separating contour belongs to the figure(If pic has two things in it; you can't see both at the same time; contours gotta belong to somebody).
35
T/F? | Symmetry helps out a lot with Figure/Ground things?
True
36
What is another name for bottom up?
Feature analysis
37
What are two examples of feature analysis?
Structuralism | Geons/ Visual alphabet
38
What is another name for top down?
Global processing
39
What is an example of global processing?
Gestalt Organizing principles.
40
Analytical introspection belongs to what category of object recognition?
Structuralism; bottom-up
41
What made analytical introspection stop dead in its tracks?
Inability to explain apparent motion.
42
What does analytical introspection identify?
It identifies the smallest set of "primary sensations" necessary to uniquely identify any object.
43
What is the definition of feature analysis?
Perceptual identification of an object by the simpler components of which it is comprised.
44
What is the name of the model used to describe feature analysis?
Oliver Selfridge's Pandemonium model
45
What are the names of the three demon that comprise Oliver Selfridge's Pandemonium model?
``` Feature demons (the basic parts) Cognitive demons (letters) Decision demons (the final result, the command) ```
46
What does the term non-accidental mean?
The ability to be recognized no matter what the orientation is. Geons
47
Volumetric primitives applies to....
geons
48
What does the Gestalt movement believe?
The whole is greater/different than the sum of its parts
49
What is the law of pragnanz(Law of good figure)?
The law of simplicity! | The final structure is as simple as you can imagine it to be.
50
What is the law of similarity?
Similar things are grouped together
51
What is the law of good continuation?
Lines follow the smoothest route possible.
52
Law of closure?
Despite there being gaps, we like to put aps on things.
53
What law stems from the law of continuation?
Law of closure
54
What is the law of proximity?
Things that are near to each other are grouped together
55
What is the law of common fate?
Things that are moving in the same direction appear to be grouped together!
56
Law of meaningfulness or familiarity?
Things are grouped based on familiarity
57
T/F? | The presence of a stimulus depends on the presence of other stimuli?
True
58
What is the name of the salient cue for figure/ground?
Symmetry
59
What is the definition of illusory contours?
Edges that are perceived despite the almost total lack of physical evidence for them
60
What is an example of illusory contour?
Kanizsa figure | -Edges that are perceived despite the almost total lack of physical evidence for them are called illusory contours.
61
What does illusory contours give rise to?
Illusory illusions.
62
What are fake illusory borders useful for?
Camouflage!
63
What category of object perception does synchrony belong to?
Gestalt organizing principle
64
What is the definition of synchrony?
Elements changing at the same time are seen as belonging together.
65
What is definition of semantic?
meaning
66
What is the definition of syntactic?
order
67
What do syntactic and semantic help us to interpret?
the meaning of missing, scrambled, or displaced text.
68
What are examples of first order motion?
Real motion, phi motion
69
What are examples of second order motion?
``` coherent motion Motion Defined by form Gestalt's common fate Form from motion Camouflage ```
70
What is the definition of first order motion?
Defined by movement of areas or contours that are defined by their luminance.
71
What is an example of third order motion?
Motion in isoluminant displays. | The green background and red spheres scatterred throughout; they rotate about each other.
72
What is the definition of third order motion?
Motion defined by movement of areas defined as "figure" with neither luminance nor texture boundaries.
73
What are the two examples of Cyclopean motion?
Random element kinematogram | Dynamic random element kinematograms
74
What do both cyclopean motion require?
Require solution of a correspondence problem.
75
What is the definition of Coherent motion threshold?
The minimum proportion of elements in a dynamic random element display that must undergo the same velocity of motion for coherent motion to be just detected. THE DOTS
76
What does coherent motion threshold evaluate?
Magnocellular processing.
77
In which kinds of pts are coherent motion threshold levels increased?
Glaucoma | Optic Nerve Diseases.
78
Which motion does minimum displacement threshold and maximum displacement threshold apply to?
2nd Order Motion
79
What does short range motion support?
Supports 2nd order stroboscopic motion
80
Is short range motion perceived dichoptically?
Nope | It isn't perceived with bright ISI either
81
Which order is the weakest?
3rd order. Defined by isoluminant colors.
82
Which of the motions is processed by parvocellular pathway?
3rd order.
83
What is another name for motion ambiguity?
The aperture problem! | It is so bothersome
84
T/F? | In aperture problem, the receptive fields function as viewing an aperture?
True!
85
How do we solve the problem of Motion ambiguity?
Averaging of component motion vectors.
86
T/F? | The Kinetic depth effect is an example of motion ambiguity?
True
87
Which illusory motion displays binocular transfer in the eye?
Motion Aftereffect!!!
88
Which Gestalt law is the most powerful?
Law of proximity
89
Who came up with computational theory?
David Marr
90
Is computational theory a top down or bottom up process?
Bottom Up process
91
Is scanning a mid level or higher level process?
Mid level process
92
are retinal ganglion cells most sensitive to changes in brightness or contours?
They are more sensitive to contours and edges.

MSP II (2 decks)

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