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MSP II > MSPII_Test2 > Flashcards

MSPII_Test2 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F

Vection can be caused by visual stimulation?

A

True

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2
Q

Vection is considered to be a category of illusory or visual motion?

A

IT IS NOT CONSIDERED to be a category of visual motion.

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3
Q

What is vection sometimes referred as?

A

Self-vection

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4
Q

What contributes to visual motion perception

A

Retinal motion

Eye/Head motion

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5
Q

Which motion system requires motion of the object’s image across the retina?

A

Retinal motion perception

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6
Q

Which motion system keeps the information about the object motion within the visual pathways?

A

Retinal motion system

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7
Q

Which motion system keeps the retinal image of moving objects still on the fovea?

A

Eye/Head Motion

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8
Q

Which motion system involves the muscular, oculomotor control, and vestibular system?

A

Eye/Head Motion

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9
Q

What is the perceptual disappearance of a stabilized retinal image referred to as?

A

Troxler effect

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10
Q

What kinds of changes is the human visual system sensitive to?

A

Changes in light stimulation!!!

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11
Q

How is a retinal image considered stabilized?

A

When it moves exactly with the retina.

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12
Q

Can an eye make voluntary or involuntary movements and still considered to be stabilized on the retina?

A

True, as long as it moves exactly with the retina.

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13
Q

T/F?

Troxler effect is related to spatial frequency?

A

True

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14
Q

T/F?

Neurons tuned to low spatial frequency do not tolerate more motion before responding?

A

False

They do tolerate more motion before responding at low spatial frequency. Object is easier to follow.

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15
Q

Why don’t we see the arteries and veins in our eyes?

A

Troxler effect.

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16
Q

Talk to me about the shadows of blood vessels as being stabilized retinal images.

A

They move with the retina as the eye moves so their position on the retina does not change.

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17
Q

T/F?

The minimum amplitude of perceivable motion varies with retinal eccentricity?

A

Verdad
Fovea: 20 arc seconds or less
40 degrees from fovea: 5 arc mins

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18
Q

T/F?

The minimum velocity of perceivable motion is worst when it is near a stationary reference stimulus?

A

False.

It is much better, matter of fact 10X better.

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19
Q

T/F Retinal motion detection thresholds decreases with increasing luminance?

A

True

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20
Q

What is the purpose of vision?

A

To acquire knowledge

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21
Q

What is V4 responsible for?

A

Color

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22
Q

What is IT responsible for?

A

Form perception/faces

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23
Q

What is V5/MT responsible for?

A

Motion

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24
Q

What is V1 responsible for?

A

Contour edges and orientation

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25
Q

The { } is defined by erroneous perception due to incomplete, ambiguous, or contradictory visual information

A

Visual Illusions

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26
Q

What does many geometric illusions involve?.

A

Ambiguous or misleading monocular depth cues.

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27
Q

What does geometric illusions reveal?

A

Rules for sensory signals when there is a mismatch in processing the various “primitives” that make up the percept.

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28
Q

What are the four geometric illusions?

A

Muller-lyer illusion
Herring illusion
Wundt illusion
Zollner Illusion

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29
Q

With the muller-lyer illusion, the weird house; which constancy do we use to help us out?

A

Size constancy to try to align the off-scaling.

Due to ambiguous information, we are tricked and it doesn’t work.

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30
Q

T/F?

We tend to interpret everything in 3D?

A

True

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31
Q

Name two examples of Stripey illusion

A

Oppel-Kundt illusion

Helmholtz Square illusion.

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32
Q

We process direction differently from…………….

A

Location!!!

Seen especially with café wall and tilt illusions

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33
Q

T/F?

Figure ground problems are also ambiguous?

A

Cierto.

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34
Q

What are some properties of figure ground segregation?

A
  • The figure is More memorable
  • Figure is seen as in front of the ground
  • The ground is seen as unformed material
  • Separating contour belongs to the figure(If pic has two things in it; you can’t see both at the same time; contours gotta belong to somebody).
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35
Q

T/F?

Symmetry helps out a lot with Figure/Ground things?

A

True

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36
Q

What is another name for bottom up?

A

Feature analysis

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37
Q

What are two examples of feature analysis?

A

Structuralism

Geons/ Visual alphabet

38
Q

What is another name for top down?

A

Global processing

39
Q

What is an example of global processing?

A

Gestalt Organizing principles.

40
Q

Analytical introspection belongs to what category of object recognition?

A

Structuralism; bottom-up

41
Q

What made analytical introspection stop dead in its tracks?

A

Inability to explain apparent motion.

42
Q

What does analytical introspection identify?

A

It identifies the smallest set of “primary sensations” necessary to uniquely identify any object.

43
Q

What is the definition of feature analysis?

A

Perceptual identification of an object by the simpler components of which it is comprised.

44
Q

What is the name of the model used to describe feature analysis?

A

Oliver Selfridge’s Pandemonium model

45
Q

What are the names of the three demon that comprise Oliver Selfridge’s Pandemonium model?

A 
Feature demons (the basic parts)
Cognitive demons (letters)
Decision demons (the final result, the command)
46
Q

What does the term non-accidental mean?

A

The ability to be recognized no matter what the orientation is.
Geons

47
Q

Volumetric primitives applies to….

A

geons

48
Q

What does the Gestalt movement believe?

A

The whole is greater/different than the sum of its parts

49
Q

What is the law of pragnanz(Law of good figure)?

A

The law of simplicity!

The final structure is as simple as you can imagine it to be.

50
Q

What is the law of similarity?

A

Similar things are grouped together

51
Q

What is the law of good continuation?

A

Lines follow the smoothest route possible.

52
Q

Law of closure?

A

Despite there being gaps, we like to put aps on things.

53
Q

What law stems from the law of continuation?

A

Law of closure

54
Q

What is the law of proximity?

A

Things that are near to each other are grouped together

55
Q

What is the law of common fate?

A

Things that are moving in the same direction appear to be grouped together!

56
Q

Law of meaningfulness or familiarity?

A

Things are grouped based on familiarity

57
Q

T/F?

The presence of a stimulus depends on the presence of other stimuli?

A

True

58
Q

What is the name of the salient cue for figure/ground?

A

Symmetry

59
Q

What is the definition of illusory contours?

A

Edges that are perceived despite the almost total lack of physical evidence for them

60
Q

What is an example of illusory contour?

A

Kanizsa figure

-Edges that are perceived despite the almost total lack of physical evidence for them are called illusory contours.

61
Q

What does illusory contours give rise to?

A

Illusory illusions.

62
Q

What are fake illusory borders useful for?

A

Camouflage!

63
Q

What category of object perception does synchrony belong to?

A

Gestalt organizing principle

64
Q

What is the definition of synchrony?

A

Elements changing at the same time are seen as belonging together.

65
Q

What is definition of semantic?

A

meaning

66
Q

What is the definition of syntactic?

A

order

67
Q

What do syntactic and semantic help us to interpret?

A

the meaning of missing, scrambled, or displaced text.

68
Q

What are examples of first order motion?

A

Real motion, phi motion

69
Q

What are examples of second order motion?

A 
coherent motion
Motion Defined by form
Gestalt's common fate
Form from motion
Camouflage
70
Q

What is the definition of first order motion?

A

Defined by movement of areas or contours that are defined by their luminance.

71
Q

What is an example of third order motion?

A

Motion in isoluminant displays.

The green background and red spheres scatterred throughout; they rotate about each other.

72
Q

What is the definition of third order motion?

A

Motion defined by movement of areas defined as “figure” with neither luminance nor texture boundaries.

73
Q

What are the two examples of Cyclopean motion?

A

Random element kinematogram

Dynamic random element kinematograms

74
Q

What do both cyclopean motion require?

A

Require solution of a correspondence problem.

75
Q

What is the definition of Coherent motion threshold?

A

The minimum proportion of elements in a dynamic random element display that must undergo the same velocity of motion for coherent motion to be just detected. THE DOTS

76
Q

What does coherent motion threshold evaluate?

A

Magnocellular processing.

77
Q

In which kinds of pts are coherent motion threshold levels increased?

A

Glaucoma

Optic Nerve Diseases.

78
Q

Which motion does minimum displacement threshold and maximum displacement threshold apply to?

A

2nd Order Motion

79
Q

What does short range motion support?

A

Supports 2nd order stroboscopic motion

80
Q

Is short range motion perceived dichoptically?

A

Nope

It isn’t perceived with bright ISI either

81
Q

Which order is the weakest?

A

3rd order. Defined by isoluminant colors.

82
Q

Which of the motions is processed by parvocellular pathway?

A

3rd order.

83
Q

What is another name for motion ambiguity?

A

The aperture problem!

It is so bothersome

84
Q

T/F?

In aperture problem, the receptive fields function as viewing an aperture?

A

True!

85
Q

How do we solve the problem of Motion ambiguity?

A

Averaging of component motion vectors.

86
Q

T/F?

The Kinetic depth effect is an example of motion ambiguity?

A

True

87
Q

Which illusory motion displays binocular transfer in the eye?

A

Motion Aftereffect!!!

88
Q

Which Gestalt law is the most powerful?

A

Law of proximity

89
Q

Who came up with computational theory?

A

David Marr

90
Q

Is computational theory a top down or bottom up process?

A

Bottom Up process

91
Q

Is scanning a mid level or higher level process?

A

Mid level process

92
Q

are retinal ganglion cells most sensitive to changes in brightness or contours?

A

They are more sensitive to contours and edges.

MSP II (2 decks)

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