MSM / LTM / WMM ✅ Flashcards
define capacity
how much can be held in memory
define duration
how long info can be held in memory for
define coding
the format in which information is stored in the various memory stores
describe Jacob’s research into the capacity of STM
- Jacob’s digit span technique
- found the mean span for digits is 9.3 items
- found the mean span for letters is 7.3 items
what is the capacity of STM
- millers magic number–> 7 +/- 1
describe the research by Peterson and Peterson into the duration of STM
- after 3 seconds, 80% of trigrams were recalled
- after 18 seconds, only 10% were recalled
- this suggests duration of STM is very short (18-20 secs)
- their findings suggest that STM fades in under half a minute if we do not rehearse
describe the capacity of LTM
- limitless
- no evidence suggesting memories ever become ‘full’
describe Baddeley’s research into the duration of LTM
- studied 392 pps from Ohio aged 17-74
- highschool yearbooks were obtained and recall was tested by;
-giving ppl a group of names to match with pictures of people - generally high accuracy of remembering ppl;
- 90% withing 15 yrs
- 60% after 15 yrs
- 30% after 48 yrs
-memories exist in LTM for a very long time, possibly lifelong
describe Baddeleys research into the coding of STM and LTM
- participants were given different lists to remember
G1= acoustically similar words
G2= acoistically dissimilar words
G3= semantically similar words
G4= semantically dissimilar words
-when recalling immediately: did worse with acoustically similar words therefore info is coded acoustically in STM
-when recalling after 20 min: did worse with semantically similar words therefore info is coded semantically in LTM
who researched coding in short term memory
Baddeley
who researched capacity of short term memory
Jacob
Miller
who researched duration of short term memory
peterson and peterson
who found that words were coded acoustically in short term memory
Baddeley
who found that info was coded semantically in long term memory
Baddeley
what are some A03 points of the research into coding, capaticy and duration
-research used artificial stimuli (baddeleys word lists) –> lacks mundane realism
-high internal validity (done in labs eg peterson)–> can be replicated
-lacks population validity (baddeley used all western ppl) –> cant generalise
what are some evaluation points of the multi-store model?
-has research support –> mudrock primary and recency effect
-Clive wearing also supports MSM–> demonstrates how they are separate stores
however, Clive also contradicts as it suggests LTM is too basic
describe the episodic memory
- ability to remember events from our lives
- time stamped–> can remember when they happened
- includes several elements such as ppl and places which are interwoven to produce single memory
what area of the brain is involved in the episodic memory
hippocampus
describe the semantic memory
- our knowledge of the world–> can be likened to a dictionary
- not time stamped–> cant remember when we learnt it
what area of the brain is involved with the semantic memory
- associated with the temporal lobes
describe the procedural memory
- our memory for actions or/and skills –> how we do things
- not necessarily time stamped
what area of the brain is involved with the procedural memory
cerebellum –> helps with coordination and movement
describe the central executive as a part of the WMM
- the ‘boss’ of the WMM
- controls attention and directs info to two slave systems (phonological loop and visuo-spacial sketchpad)
- central executive can process info from any sensory modality
what is the coding for the central executive in the WMM
coded through any sensory modality –> info comes from all senses
