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psychology Memory > MSM / LTM / WMM ✅ > Flashcards

MSM / LTM / WMM ✅ Flashcards

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1
Q

define capacity

A

how much can be held in memory

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2
Q

define duration

A

how long info can be held in memory for

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3
Q

define coding

A

the format in which information is stored in the various memory stores

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4
Q

describe Jacob’s research into the capacity of STM

A
  • Jacob’s digit span technique
  • found the mean span for digits is 9.3 items
  • found the mean span for letters is 7.3 items
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5
Q

what is the capacity of STM

A
  • millers magic number–> 7 +/- 1
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6
Q

describe the research by Peterson and Peterson into the duration of STM

A
  • after 3 seconds, 80% of trigrams were recalled
  • after 18 seconds, only 10% were recalled
  • this suggests duration of STM is very short (18-20 secs)
  • their findings suggest that STM fades in under half a minute if we do not rehearse
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7
Q

describe the capacity of LTM

A
  • limitless
  • no evidence suggesting memories ever become ‘full’
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8
Q

describe Baddeley’s research into the duration of LTM

A
  • studied 392 pps from Ohio aged 17-74
  • highschool yearbooks were obtained and recall was tested by;
    -giving ppl a group of names to match with pictures of people
  • generally high accuracy of remembering ppl;
  • 90% withing 15 yrs
  • 60% after 15 yrs
  • 30% after 48 yrs
    -memories exist in LTM for a very long time, possibly lifelong
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9
Q

describe Baddeleys research into the coding of STM and LTM

A
  • participants were given different lists to remember
    G1= acoustically similar words
    G2= acoistically dissimilar words
    G3= semantically similar words
    G4= semantically dissimilar words
    -when recalling immediately: did worse with acoustically similar words therefore info is coded acoustically in STM
    -when recalling after 20 min: did worse with semantically similar words therefore info is coded semantically in LTM
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10
Q

who researched coding in short term memory

A

Baddeley

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11
Q

who researched capacity of short term memory

A

Jacob
Miller

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12
Q

who researched duration of short term memory

A

peterson and peterson

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13
Q

who found that words were coded acoustically in short term memory

A

Baddeley

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14
Q

who found that info was coded semantically in long term memory

A

Baddeley

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15
Q

what are some A03 points of the research into coding, capaticy and duration

A

-research used artificial stimuli (baddeleys word lists) –> lacks mundane realism
-high internal validity (done in labs eg peterson)–> can be replicated
-lacks population validity (baddeley used all western ppl) –> cant generalise

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16
Q

what are some evaluation points of the multi-store model?

A

-has research support –> mudrock primary and recency effect
-Clive wearing also supports MSM–> demonstrates how they are separate stores
however, Clive also contradicts as it suggests LTM is too basic

17
Q

describe the episodic memory

A
  • ability to remember events from our lives
  • time stamped–> can remember when they happened
  • includes several elements such as ppl and places which are interwoven to produce single memory
18
Q

what area of the brain is involved in the episodic memory

A

hippocampus

19
Q

describe the semantic memory

A
  • our knowledge of the world–> can be likened to a dictionary
  • not time stamped–> cant remember when we learnt it
20
Q

what area of the brain is involved with the semantic memory

A
  • associated with the temporal lobes
21
Q

describe the procedural memory

A
  • our memory for actions or/and skills –> how we do things
  • not necessarily time stamped
22
Q

what area of the brain is involved with the procedural memory

A

cerebellum –> helps with coordination and movement

23
Q

describe the central executive as a part of the WMM

A
  • the ‘boss’ of the WMM
  • controls attention and directs info to two slave systems (phonological loop and visuo-spacial sketchpad)
  • central executive can process info from any sensory modality
24
Q

what is the coding for the central executive in the WMM

A

coded through any sensory modality –> info comes from all senses

25
Q

what is the capacity of the central executive in the WMM

A

-limited capacity
data arrives from the senses but it cant be held for long

26
Q

describe the phonological loop as a part of the WMM

A
  • a temporary storage system for verbal info
  • has two components–> articulatory control process(‘inner voice’) and phonological store (the inner ear)
  • the articulatory control process allows subvocal repetition of acoustic info
  • the phonological store is a temporary storage space for coding acoustic info (limited capacity)
27
Q

what is the coding for the phonological loop in the WMM

A
  • phonological loop is mainly an acoustic store holding auditory info
28
Q

what is the capacity of the phonological loop

A
  • temporary holding store with limited capacity ( around 2 secs)
29
Q

describe the visuo-spatial sketchpad as a part of the WMM

A
  • temporary storage system for visual and spacial info
  • has two components–> inner scribe and visual cache
  • inner scribe deals with manipulation of mental images
  • visual cache has limited capacity for coding visual and spacial info
30
Q

what is the coding for the visuo-spatial sketchpad as a part of the WMM

A
  • visual and/or spatial info stored here –> inner eye
    visual = what things look like
    spacial = relationships between things
31
Q

what is the capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad

A

limited –> 3-4 objects

32
Q

describe the episodic buffer

A
  • episodic buffer binds and integrates info from all components and passes info to LTM
33
Q

what is the coding of the episodic buffer as a part of the WMM

A
  • integrates info from all areas –> visual, spatial, verbal
34
Q

what is the capacity for the episodic buffer as a part of the WMM

A

extra storage system but with a limited capacity of 4 chunks

35
Q

what are some A03 points of the working memory model

A

-research support –> Baddeley and Hitch
-evidence to support–> case study of FK –> shows there are different components of STM

psychology Memory (2 decks)

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