MSM (A01 + A03)

Question 1

what is memory

Answer 1

• the term given to the structures and processes involved in the storage and subsequent retrieval of information
• involved in processing vast amounts of information

Question 2

what is duration

Answer 2

• the length of time information can be held in memory

Question 3

what is capacity

Answer 3

• the amount of information that can be held in the memory store

Question 4

what is storage

Answer 4

• the process of holding information in memory

Question 5

what is retrieval

Answer 5

• the process of transferring information from LTM to STM
• recalling information

Question 6

what are the 3 main stores in the MSM

Answer 6

• sensory memory
• short term memory
• long term memory

Question 7

memory is a linear process
true or false

Answer 7

• true
• information passes from store to store

Question 8

how is the sensory register encoded

Answer 8

• through the senses

Question 9

what is the duration of the sensory register

Answer 9

• less than a half a second

Question 10

what is the capacity of the sensory register

Answer 10

• large
• e.g. over 100 million cells in each eye

Question 11

how is information retrieved in the sensory register

Answer 11

• scanning

Question 12

what did Sperling (1960) find

Answer 12

• found that participants could remember 4/5 letters out of 12 although they were aware of more
• supports that the image of each item fades around 50ms

Question 13

how is information moved from the sensory register to the short term memory store

Answer 13

• if attention is payed to it

Question 14

how is information encoded in the short term memory store

Answer 14

• mainly acoustically

Question 15

what is the duration of the short term memory

Answer 15

• 30 seconds

Question 16

what is the capacity of the short term memory

Answer 16

• 7+/-
• 5-9 pieces of information

Question 17

how is information retrieved for the short term memory

Answer 17

• acoustically

Question 18

what did Peterson and Peterson (1959) find

Answer 18

• found recall of trigrams when the distracter task only lasted a few seconds was okay but if any longer than 15 seconds recall was impossible

Question 19

how is information moved from the STM to the LTM

Answer 19

• if information is elaboratively rehearsed

Question 20

how is the long term memory encoded

Answer 20

• semantically

Question 21

what is the duration of the long term memory

Answer 21

• unlimited
• potentially a life time

Question 22

what is the capacity of the long term memory

Answer 22

-unlimited

Question 23

what did Bahrick et al (1975) find

Answer 23

• found that participants, tested on the names of their graduating class members, within 15 years of graduating were 60% accurate
• after 48 years they were 30% accurate

Question 24

what areas of the brain are used when transferring information from the STM to the LTM

Answer 24

• hippocampus

Question 25

what happens to information in the sensory register if information is unattended to

Answer 25

• it decays

Question 26

what is displacement in the short term memory

Answer 26

• when the capacity of the STM exceeds 7+/-2
• unrehearsed info is lost

Question 27

what is the primary/recency effect

Answer 27

• in a list/sequence of words
• top words are transferred to LTM
• bottom words are in the STM
• middle words are lost via displacement

Question 28

what happens if maintenance rehearsal is interupted

Answer 28

• information is lost
• interference

Question 29

how does HM support the MSM

Answer 29

• shows that the LTM and STM are in 2 different distinct stores
• linear process

Question 30

how does KF contradict the MSM

Answer 30

• shows there is more than one type of STM
• not a linear process
• STM damaged but LTM intact