MSKS Pathology Lecture 3_Bone Tumors Flashcards
Describe Giant Cell Tumors
They are non metastatic but are very destructive locally. They form large multinucleated cells that contain neoplastic osteoblast (which produces losts of RANKL) and many osteoclasts. THis results in losts of bone destructions, tyipically in the epiphisis of the long bones.
What is an Osteochondroma
a benign cartilagecapped tumor that is attached to the underlying skeleton by a bony stalk
How is osteoblastoma typically treated?
Typically curetted or excised
What is a Ewing sarcoma
a malignant tumor composed of primitive round cells that arises in the bone marrow in the daiphysis of long tubular bones, it invades the cortex and then exits into the surrounding tissue.
What demographic is most affected by this>
Caucasians boys
How is Osteoid osteoma typically treated?
radiofrequency ablation,
Do Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma become malignant?
Malignant transformation is rare.
What is the malignancy of osteochondromas?
Rarely in sporadic cases, but more commonly in those with multiple hereditary exostosis, they give rise to a chondrosarcoma.
What is the most common metastisis?
hematogenous spread to the lungs
What diseases increase the frequency of chondromas?
Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome are disorders characterized by multiple enchondromas
Where do Osteoblastomas typically occure/ what is their size? Are they responsive to analgesics?
Osteoblastomas typically occure in the posterior compartment of the vertebrae. They are are larger than 2 cm in dia and they do not respond to NSAIDs
How do osteosarcomas present?
typically present as painful, progressively enlarging masses. Because they weaken the bone by invading the tissue, sometime sudden bone fracture is the first symptome.
How large are Osteoid osteomas and who do they typically effect?
They are less than 2 cm in Dia and most often effect adolecent men
Where do Osteoid osteomas typically occure and are they responsive to analgesics?
50% of cases arise in the femur or tibia. Pain can me amnaged by NSAIDs
What are Chondromas and where do they occure?
benign tumors of hyaline cartilage that usually occur in bones of endochondral origin. They arise within the medullary cavity (enchondroma) or on the cortical surface (juxtacortical chondroma)
where do Osteochondromas occure?
develop only in bones of endochondral origin and arise from the metaphysis near the growth plate of long tubular bones, especially about the knee
How do Chondrosarcomas typically present and how are they treated?
usually present as painful, progressively enlarging masses. The treatment of conventional chondrosarcoma is wide surgical excision
What is an Osteosarcoma
It is a malignant tumor that produces osteoid matrix or mineralized bone
Where do Chondrosarcoma typically occure?
In the axial skeleton
What demographic is at the highest risk for Osteosarcomas?
Adolecent men (effects men at a rate of 1.6:1 as compaird to women). 75% of cases happen under the age of 20. There is a small resurgence of Osteosarcoma in older adulthood. Typically it is secondary to something like pagets disease or radio therapy
Where are Osteosarcoma most common?
metaphyseal regions of the distal femur and proximal tibia (basically the growth plates of the highest rate of growth.)
Describe and Aneurysmal bone cyst
is a benign tumor of bone characterized by multiloculated blood-filled cystic spaces that may present as a rapidly growing expansile tumor
