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Adele Anatomy Y3 > MSK - Upper Limb 1 > Flashcards

MSK - Upper Limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis major and minor muscles

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2
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

Subscapularis muscle

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3
Q

What forms the medial wall of the axilla?

A

Thoracic wall and serratus anterior muscle

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4
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

A

Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

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5
Q

The axillary artery is the continuation of which artery?

A

Subclavian artery

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6
Q

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin?

A

Lateral margin of the 1st rib

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7
Q

The axillary artery continues beyond the axilla as which artery?

A

Brachial artery

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8
Q

At what anatomical point does the brachial artery begin?

A

Lower margin of teres major

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9
Q

Which ventral rami form the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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10
Q

What is Erb’s point?

A

The meeting point of six nerves 2-3cm above the clavicle

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11
Q

Which nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 and C6

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12
Q

Which nerve roots form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C8 and T1

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13
Q

What type of palsy can be caused by damage to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Erb’s palsy

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14
Q

What type of palsy can be caused by damage to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Klumpke’s palsy

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15
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus named for?

A

Their relation to the axillary artery

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16
Q

What are the main branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve
Lateral root of median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve

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17
Q

What are the main branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A 
Medial pectoral nerve
Medial root of median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
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18
Q

What are the main branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A 
Thoracodorsal nerve
Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
Upper subscapular nerve
Lower subscapular nerve
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19
Q

Which vein arises at the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch?

A

Cephalic vein

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20
Q

Which vein arises at the medial end of the dorsal venous arch?

A

Basilic vein

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21
Q

Which vein shunts blood from the cephalic vein to the basilic vein?

A

Median cubital vein

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22
Q

What are the five groups of lymph nodes found in the axilla (axillary lymph nodes)?

A 
Anterior or pectoral group
Posterior or subscapular group
Apical group
Central group
Lateral group
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23
Q

Which group of lymph nodes will be involved if the lymphatic spread of infection begins in the little finger?
(Axillary/Internal thoracic/Superficial inguinal)

A

Axillary

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24
Q

Which group of lymph nodes will be involved if the lymphatic spread of infection begins in the scapular region?
(Axillary/Internal thoracic/Superficial inguinal)

A

Axillary

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25
Q

Which group of lymph nodes will be involved if the lymphatic spread of infection begins in the medial part of the breast (close to the sternum)?
(Axillary/Internal thoracic/Superficial inguinal)

A

Internal thoracic

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26
Q

Which group of lymph nodes will be involved if the lymphatic spread of infection begins in the lateral part of the breast (close to axilla)?
(Axillary/Internal thoracic/Superficial inguinal)

A

Axillary

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27
Q

Infection around the umbilicus (infected tattoo) can spread to both axillary and superficial inguinal groups of both sides - why?

A

Above the umbilicus is drained by axillary group, below by superficial inguinal

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28
Q

Which small joint do the entire pectoral girdle and upper limb articulate at?

A

Glenohumeral joint

29
Q

At which point does the conoid ligament attach to the clavicle?

A

Conoid tubercle

30
Q

Which part of the clavicle is weakest and commonly breaks during a fall?

A

Angle of the clavicle (change in the direction of bone)

31
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Synovial plane

32
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial saddle

33
Q

Which muscle(s) are responsible for the elevation of the scapula?

A

Upper trapezius and levator scapulae

34
Q

Which muscle(s) are responsible for the depression of the scapula?

A

Lower trapezius

35
Q

Which muscle(s) are responsible for the protraction (forward movement) of the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior

36
Q

Which muscle(s) are responsible for the retraction (backwards movement) of the scapula?

A

Middle trapezius and rhomboids

37
Q

Which muscle(s) are responsible for the lateral (upward) rotation of the scapula (elevating glenoid cavity)?

A

Upper and middle trapezius

38
Q

Which muscle(s) are responsible for the medial (downward) rotation of the scapula (depressing glenoid cavity)?

A

Levator scapulae, rhomboids and pectoralis minor (and gravity!)

39
Q

What is the rim of cartilage surrounding the glenoid cavity known as?

A

Glenoid labrum

40
Q

What is the function of the glenoid labrum?

A

Make the glenoid cavity deeper

41
Q

What is the name of the ligament which extends from the coracoid process of the scapula to the acromion?

A

Coracoacromial ligament

42
Q

What is the function of the coracoacromial arch?

A

Prevent displacement of the humeral head

43
Q

Which aspect of the glenohumeral joint capsule is strengthened by the glenohumeral ligaments?

A

Anterior

44
Q

Which aspect of the glenohumeral joint capsule is strengthened by the coracohumeral ligament?

A

Superior

45
Q

What makes up the coracoacromial arch?

A

Acromion, coracoid process of scapula and coracoacromial ligament

46
Q

Which part of the shoulder joint capsule is weakest as it is not protected by muscles or ligaments?

A

Inferior

47
Q

Which bursa communicates with the joint cavity?

A

Subscapular

48
Q

What is the role of the subacromial bursa?

A

Decreases friction and allows free motion fo the rotator cuff relative to the coracoacromial arch and the deltoid muscle

49
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

50
Q

What movements of the glenohumeral joint are generated by the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Abduction, external rotation, internal rotation

51
Q

What is the most important role of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Stability

52
Q

What are the actions of the anterior fibres of the deltoid muscle?

A

Flexion and internal rotation of the shoulder joint

53
Q

What is the action of the lateral fibres of the deltoid muscle?

A

Abduction

54
Q

What are the actions of the posterior fibres of the deltoid muscle?

A

Extension and external rotation

55
Q

What is the nerve supply to the deltoid muscle?

A

Axillary nerve

56
Q

What common injury traps and damages the axillary nerve?

A

Anterior dislocation of the head of the humerus

57
Q

Where would you test for loss of sensation to determine if a nerve injury had occurred?

A

Regimental badge patch area

58
Q

Where do the fibres of the pectoralis major muscle originate from?

A

Medial third of the clavicle, the sternum and the ribs

59
Q

What are the actions of the pectoralis major muscle?

A

Adduction and internal rotation of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

60
Q

What is the name for the triangular space below the clavicle, between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles?

A

Deltopectoral triangle

61
Q

Which vein is found in the deltopectoral triangle?

A

Cephalic vein

62
Q

What is the nerve supply of serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

63
Q

What clinical sign is seen when the long thoracic nerve is damaged?

A

Winged scapula

64
Q

During which procedure is the long thoracic nerve commonly injured and why?

A

Mastectomy - the nerve runs superficially over the serratus anterior muscle

65
Q

What is the action of the superior fibres of the trapezius muscle on the scapula?

A

Elevation

66
Q

What is the action of the middle fibres of the trapezius muscle on the scapula?

A

Retraction

67
Q

What is the action of the inferior fibres of the trapezius muscle on the scapula?

A

Depression

68
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius muscle?

A

Accessory nerve CNXI

69
Q

What are the actions of teres major on the shoulder joint?

A

Extension and medial rotation of the humerus

Adele Anatomy Y3 (2 decks)

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