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msk t1 Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line of occipital bone, nuchal ligament, C7-T12 vertebrae
Insertion: posterior of lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine
Action: Elevates, depresses, retracts, and upwardly rotates shoulder. Extend & laterally flexes head and neck.
Nerve: Accessory nerve
Arterial Supply: Occipital, transverse cervical, and dorsal scapular

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2
Q

Descending trapezius

A

Also known as… superior
Action: Elevates, retracts, and upwardly rotates shoulder. Extends and laterally flexes head and neck.
Nerve: Accessory Nerve
Arterial supply: Occipital artery

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3
Q

Transverse trapezius

A

Also called… middle
Action: retracts shoulder
Nerve: accessory nerve
Arterial supply: transverse cervical artery

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4
Q

Ascending trapezius

A

Also called… inferior
Action: depresses, retracts, and upwardly rotates shoulder
Nerve: accessory nerve
Arterial supply: dorsal scapular artery

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5
Q

Shoulder retraction =

A

scapula adduction

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6
Q

Latissimus dorsi (handcuffs)

A

Origin: T7-T12, L1-L5, ribs 9-12, iliac crest
Insertion: bicipital groove/ intertubercular groove
Action: Adducts, medially rotates, and extends at shoulder
Nerve: thoracodorsal nerve
Arterial supply: thoracodorsal artery

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7
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Origin: T2-T5 vertebrae
Insertion: medial border of scapula inferior to spine
Action: retracts and downwardly rotates shoulder
Nerve: dorsal scapular nerve
Artery: dorsal scapular artery

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8
Q

Rhomboid minor

A 
Origin: nuchal ligament & C7-T1 
Insertion: medial border @ spine
Action: retracts and downwardly rotates
Nerve: dorsal scapular 
Arterial supply: dorsal scapular
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9
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Origin: transverse process of c1-c2 & posterior c3-c4
Insertion: superior border and medial angle of scapula
Action: elevates & downwardly rotates shoulder, extends & laterally flexes neck
Nerve: dorsal scapular
Arterial supply: dorsal scapular

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10
Q

Deltoid (in and out by Katy Perry)

A

Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: abducts, flexes, extends, medially & laterally rotates at shoulder
Nerve: axillary nerve
Arterial supply: posterior circumflex humeral

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11
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle (middle)
Action: laterally rotates, transversely abducts
Nerve: suprascapular nerve
Arterial supply: supra scapular and circumflex scapular

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12
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin: superior half of lateral border
Insertion: greater tubercle (lower)
Action: laterally rotates, transversely abducts
Nerve: axillary nerve
Teres minor: posterior circumflex humeral

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13
Q

Supraspinatus

A 
Origin: Supraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle (highest)
Action: abducts shoulder
Nerve: suprascapular 
Arterial supply: supra scapular and dorsal scapular
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14
Q

Subscapularis (soundcloud rapper junk)

A 
Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle
Action: medially rotates and adducts
Nerve: upper and lower subscapular
Arterial supply: subscapular, suprascapular, and lateral thoracic
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15
Q

Teres major

A

Origin: posterior inferior angle
Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle
Action: adducts and medially rotates shoulder
Nerve: lower subscapular nerve
Arterial supply: posterior circumflex humeral, circumflex scapular & subscapular

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16
Q

Serratus anterior (salute knife)

A

Origin: external surfaces of ribs 1-9
Insertion: medial border
Action: protracts and upwardly rotates scapula, abduction above 90, elevates ribs
Nerve: long thoracic
Arterial supply: superior and lateral thoracic

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17
Q

medial rotation correlates with

A

adduction

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18
Q

lateral rotation correlates with

A

abduction

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19
Q

initiates abduction?

A

supraspinatus

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20
Q

branches of dorsal ramps vs ventral

A 
dorsal= higher up
ventral= lower/ near lat
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21
Q

Pec major

A

Medial attachment: clavicular head and sternocostal head
Lateral attachment: lateral lip of inter tubercular sulcus
Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Main action: adducts and medially rotates humerus, clavicular head flexes humerus

22
Q

Pec minor

A

Medial attachment: 3rd-5th ribs near costal cartilage
Lateral attachment: coracoid process
Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve
Action: stabilizes scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

23
Q

Subclavius

A

Medial attachment: Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
Lateral Attachment: Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
Innervation: Subclavian nerve
Action: anchors and depresses clavicle

24
Q

Movement of glenohumeral joint

flexion:

A

pec major and deltoid

25
Movement of glenohumeral joint | extension, abduction, resisting downward dislocation:
deltoid
26
Movement of glenohumeral joint adduction:
pec major and latissimus dorsi
27
Movement of glenohumeral joint medial rotation:
subscapularis
28
Movement of glenohumeral joint lateral rotation:
infraspinatus
29
Movement of glenohumeral joint | tensors of articular capsule:
subscapularis and infraspinatus
30
Intercostobrachial nerve (lateral cutaneous branch of second intercostal nerve)
supplies skin of upper half of medial and posterior part of arm -can get injured during sentinel lymph node biopsy of biopsy
31
Biceps brachii
Origin: short head-coracoid process, long head- supraglenoid tubercule Insertion: radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis Innervation: Musculocutaneous Action: supinates flexed forearm, flexes forearm at elbow
32
Brachialis
Origin: distal half of anterior humerus Insertion: Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity Innervation: musculocutaneous and some radial nerve Action: primary forearm flexor at elbow
33
Coracobrachialis
Origin: coracoid process Insertion: middle third of medial surface of humerus Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve Action: helps flex and adduct at shoulder
34
Triceps Brachii
Origin: long head- infraglenoid tubercle, lateral head- posterior surface of humerus, medial head- posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove Insertion: Posterior surface of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm Innervation: radial nerve (C6-C8) Action: extends forearm at elbow, long head- steadies head of abducted humerus
35
Anconeus
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna Innervation: Radial nerve (C6-C8) Action: assists triceps in extending, abducts ulna during pronation
36
radical mastectomy
ligate lateral thoracic and internal thoracic arteries | -remove axillary nodes and pec major
37
Inversion or retraction of nipple is due to...
shortening of lactiferous ducts
38
Poland syndrome
underdeveloped chest muscles | -agenesis(lack of) of pec major or minor
39
to test clavicular head of pec major
arm is abducted 90 degrees, move arm anteriorly against resistance
40
to test sternocostal head of pec major...
arm is abducted 60 degrees and then adducted against resistance
41
fracture of clavicle (weakest at junction of middle and lateral thirds)
- sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle elevates medial fragment - trapezius unable to hold up lateral fragment due to weight of upper limb, so shoulder drops - lateral fragment is depressed AND may be pulled medially by adductors (pec major)
42
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7) injury
- typically inflicted by knife - paralysis of coracobrachialis, biceps, and bracialis - weak flexion and supination are still possible (due to brachioradialis and supinator which are supplied by radial nerve) - loss of sensation on lateral forearm supplied by lateral cutaneous nerve
43
``` Radial nerve (C5-T1) Injury... superior to origin of its branches to triceps brachii ```
paralysis of triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, and extensor of wrist and fingers -loss of sensation of posterior arm, inferior lateral arm, and posterior forearm and half of dorsum of hand
44
``` Radial nerve (C5-T1) injury... in the radial groove ```
- triceps medial head affected = weakened - muscles of posterior compartment of forearm paralyzed - clinical sign: wrist drop, inability to extend wrist and fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints - relaxed wrist assumes flexed position
45
Humeral fracture
Surgical neck: axillary nerve. Radial groove: radial nerve. Distal end of humerus: median nerve. Medial epicondyle: ulnar nerve.
46
Humeral fractures
Mid-shaft - Proximal fragment pulled by deltoid – Abducted Distal fragment pulled upward by biceps Supracondylar - Distal fragment displaced due to action of brachialis /biceps and shortening of arm
47
Volkmann ischemic contracture
- occlusion of brachial artery - fibrous scar tissue replaces necrotic tissue - involved muscles shorten permanently - flexion of fingers and wrist results in loss of hand power as a result of irreversible necrosis of forearm flexor muscles
48
Paralysis of biceps brachii causes...
loss of sensation of lateral forearm, loss of supination, loss of flexion of arm
49
bicipital myotonic reflex
- relaxed limb is passively pronated and partially extended at elbow, use reflex hammer - positive response confirms integrity of musculocutaneous nerve and C5-C6 spinal cord segments
50
median nerve entrapment
nerve runs deep to supracondylar spur and struthers ligament causing entrapment
51
Which lymph nodes drain the breast?
axillary and parasternal

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