MSK, Skin, Connective Flashcards
Flattening of deltoid muscle with axillary n. injury = what injury?
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
What nerve injury results in weak forearm flexion and absent biceps reflex? Where is loss of sensation associated with it?
Musculocutaneous N - innervates flexors and LATERAL forearm
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Pigmented Dry Skin: erythema, scaling, hyperpig in light exposed areas, telangectasias, hypo/hyperpig areas AR - due to defect in DNA excision repair
What does the psoas major and iliacus function to do?
Sit up from a chair. Q7621
What does the obturator n. innervate?
ADductors of the thigh
Anatomy of Striated Muscle Sarcomere
Test ID: 36624218 “An Interesting Zoo Must Have Mammals” Actin in the I band attaches at the Z line, Myosin in the H band attached at the M-line”
What cytokines induce isotype switching?
IL 4 (from TH2 cells)
Anthrax results in what clinical picture?
Necrotic center with erythematous/edematous border.
Classic picture of N. gonorrhea
Young male/female, sexually active asymmetric polyarthritis of large joints Aspiration: intracellular org + high neutrophil
What factors are impt for osteoclast differentiation?
M-CSF and RANKL (produced by osteoblast)
What is the presentation of Rubeola?
Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis Koplick Spots (white, blue gray specks on buccal mucosa) Maculopapular Rash
What arteries are associated with the radial nerve and median nerve?
Radial - Deep Brachial Median - Brachial.
What part of long bone is hematogenous osteomyelitis most likely to occur?
Metaphysis - slow flowing sinusoidal vasculature, conductive to microbial passage. Adults less likely to develop this bc of epiphyseal closure
Wrinkles are due a decrease in what?
Collagen fibril production.
Embryologic origin of melanoma?
Melanocytes - derived from neural crest cells.
What is the difference btwn excitation contraction coupling in skeletal vs. cardiac vs. smooth muscle?
Skeletal - does not depend on extracellular Ca - depolarize L-type Ca channel -> conformational change -> opening of RyR1 Ca channel on SR -> release of Ca Cardiac - Ca induced Ca release - depolarize L-type Ca channel -> influx of extracellular Ca -> Ca activates RyR2 channels -> release of Ca from SR Smooth - - depolarize L-type Ca channel -> influx of extracellular Ca -> Ca dependent RyR Ca channel -> release of Ca from SR -> Ca binds CALMODULIN (no troponin in smooth muscle) -> activates myosin light chain kinase -> phosphorylation of myosin -> bind acting and cause contraction
What are markers of osteoblast activity vs. osteoclast?
Osteoblast = bone specific alkaline phosphatase Osteoclast = tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, urinary deoxypyridinoline
Actinic Keratosis - risk of what?
SCC!
How are osteocytes connected to each other?
Gap Junctions! Send signals, exchange nutrients and waste products, can sense stress and modulate osteoblast activity
What substances stimulate acne formation?
Androgens, ex: anabolic steroids (methyltestosterone). Increase steps 1 and 2 below. Pathophys of Acne 1. Follicular epidermal proliferation 2. excessive sebum production 3. inflammation 4. Propionibacterium Acnes
What anti-inflam agent does not impair platelet aggregation?
Celecoxib (selective COX2 inhibitor) plts predominantly use COX1.
Vitiligo occurs as a result of ?
Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. Decreased number of melanocytes (vs. albinism - decreased melanin)
Empty can tests what muscle
Supraspinatus
Cleft lip vs. Cleft palate
Lip = maxillary prominence and medial nasal prominence Palate = maxillary prominence fusion or its fusion to primary palate