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MSK Review Flashcards

1
Q

What do you do for sprains/strains?

A

Immobilize, RICE, early ROM

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2
Q

What do you do for tendon rupture?

A

Splint, refer for surgical repair

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3
Q

What do you do for dislocations/subluxations?

A

Alleviate pain, put back in place, splint/sling, and refer to ortho

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4
Q

What do you do for arthritis?

A

Tylenol 1st line, PT, refer to ortho

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5
Q

What do you do for overuse injuries?

A

Activity modification, NSAIDs, PT, refer to ortho

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6
Q

What is the golden rule of immobilization?

A

Immobilize the joint above and the joint below the injury

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7
Q

Which direction do you apply a splint and why?

A

Distal→ proximal; to prevent trapping of blood distal to the injury

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8
Q

What 3 things do you evaluate both before and after splinting?

A

Distal circulation, motor function, and sensation

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9
Q

What view do you order in a pt with ankle pain?

A

3-view ankle series

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10
Q

What 3 things do you do when a pt is symptomatic and you are highly clinically suspicious, but there is a negative x-ray?

A

(1) tx as a fx and splint (2) have pt follow up with ortho in 7-10 days (3) repeat x-ray→ may show cortical changes

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11
Q

What are the ABCs of reading an x-ray?

A 
Adequacy (adequate views and image quality?) 
Alignment (long axes of bones) 
Bones (lucent lines? Deformities?)
Cartilage (joint space? defects?)
Soft tissue (swelling? effusion?)
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12
Q

What population has the highest incidence of shoulder fxs?

A

73-78 y.o.

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13
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the chest?

A

PA, lateral (w/full inspiration)

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14
Q

What x-ray do you order for the AC joint?

A

AP with and w/o weights

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15
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the clavicle?

A

AP, axial

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16
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the humerus?

A

AP, lateral

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17
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the ribs?

A

AP, obliques (bilat)

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18
Q

What part of the breathing cycle should they be on for upper ribs? Lower ribs?

A

Upper: inspiration Lower: expiration

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19
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the SC joint?

A

AP, obliques (bilat)

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20
Q

What 3 x-ray views do you order for the shoulder?

A

AP, Grashey, Y-scapular view

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21
Q

What 3 x-ray views do you order for the elbow?

A

AP, external oblique, lateral

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22
Q

What 3 x-ray views do you order for the fingers?

A

AP, oblique of hand, lateral of affected finger

23
Q

What 3 x-ray views do you order for the hand, thumb, and wrist?

A

AP, oblique, lateral

24
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the hip?

A

AP pelvis, frog lateral

25
What 2 x-ray views do you order for the femur?
AP, lateral
26
What 4 x-ray views do you order for the knee in pts <40 y.o.?
AP, lateral, tunnel, sunrise
27
What 4 x-ray views do you order for the knee in pts >40 y.o.?
Bilat PA weight bearing (30 deg PA flexed view), bilat tunnel, bilat sunrise, lateral of affected knee
28
What 2 x-ray views do you order for the tib-fib?
AP, lateral
29
What 3 x-ray views do you order for the ankle?
AP, mortise, lateral
30
What 3 x-ray views do you order for the foot?
AP, oblique, lateral
31
What 2 x-ray views do you order for the heel?
Axial, lateral calcaneus
32
What 3 x-ray views do you order for the C-spine?
AP, lateral, swimmer’s view
33
What 2 x-ray views do you order for the T-spine?
AP, lateral
34
What 4 x-ray views do you order for the L-spine?
AP, obliques, lateral, spot view
35
What 3 x-ray views do you order for the sacrum/coccyx?
AP, axials, lateral
36
What 2 x-ray views do you order for the scoli survey?
PA, lateral
37
Nerve roots L1,2 are affiliated with what muscle and action?
Iliopsoas → hip flexion
38
Nerve roots L3,4 are affiliated with what muscles and actions?
Quadriceps, adductors → knee extension, hip adduction
39
Nerve roots L4,5 are affiliated with what muscle and action?
Tibialis anterior → ankle dorsiflexion
40
Nerve root L5 is affiliated with what muscle and action?
Extensor hallucis longus → great toe extension
41
Nerve roots L5,S1 are affiliated with what muscle and action?
Peroneus longus/brevis → ankle eversion
42
Nerve root S1 is affiliated with what muscle and action?
Gastrocsoleus → ankle plantarflexion
43
What is a maisonneuve fx?
Combo of spiral fx of the proximal fibula + ankle injury of one or more type: (1) widening of the ankle joint d/t distal tibiofibular syndesmosis (2) deltoid ligament disruption (3) fx of the medial malleolus
44
T/F: you need to fix a proximal fibula fx.
False: don’t need to fix b/c tibia takes the majority of the weight
45
What is a segond fx?
Avulsion fx involving lateral aspect of the tibial plateau
46
What are most segond fxs associated with?
Disruption of the ACL
47
What commonly causes segond fxs?
Internal rotation and varus stress
48
What are 3 findings on clinical presentation of segond fxs?
(1) knee pain/swelling after trauma (2) hold knee in ~20 deg flexed position for comfort (3) NWB
49
What will you find on a standard trauma knee series of a segond fx?
May show fracture that is of curvilinear or elliptic bone fragment projected parallel to the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau
50
What is an MRI essential for identifying?
Internal derangement
51
What does an ankle stirrup splint prevent?
Inversion or eversion of the ankle (gives them stability both medially and laterally)
52
What position is the ankle in in an ankle stirrup splint?
90 degrees
53
What is an air cast for?
Mild ankle sprains

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