MSK Questions

Question 1

Nociceptors

Answer 1

are free nerve endings present in most types of tissues that are activated by thermal, mechanical or chemical stimuli.

Question 2

A-delta fibers in terms of pain

Answer 2

transmit info fast from peripheral cutaneous structures
Pain Signal: sharp and localized

Question 3

C fibers in terms of pain

Answer 3

transmit info slow from organs and deep structures Jts.
Pain Signal: dull, achey, and diffuse

Question 4

Explain the Gate Control Theory of Pain

Answer 4

Pain can be regulated and decreased sensation of pain.
A-delta and c fibers synapse on secondary fibers (A-alpha and A-beta) these interneurons can then be inhibitory neurons and decease the sensation of pain.

Ex: massage and Estim work to target these neurons to decrease the pain signals to the brain

Question 5

what is Kehr’s sign?

Answer 5

blood that accumulates in the abdomen secondary to a spleen rupture

+sign: pressure in upper abdomen during abdominal exam or in supine results in L shoulder pain

Question 6

Pain in the Right shoulder can be caused by what visceral tissue

Answer 6

gall bladder

Question 7

Pain in the midback could be what visceral tissue

Answer 7

stomach

Question 8

pain in the low back could be what visceral tissue

Answer 8

kidneys

Question 9

plethysmography

Answer 9

measure of body density by using air displaced in a specific chamber

Question 10

Bioelectrical impedance analysis

Answer 10

measure of body composition using electrical currents and measuring the resistance
must follow specific protocol
not with cardiac devices or pregnancy

Question 11

What does loose packed mean

Answer 11

Minimal stress on joint
Minimal Congruency of joing
great ligamentous laxity
No volitional separation

Question 12

What does close packed mean

Answer 12

maximal stress on joint
Full congruency of joint
full tightness in ligaments
Joint surface is compressed

Question 13

if you flex your wrist and try to make a fist this is an example of what muscle insufficiency

Answer 13

active

Question 14

what is the difference between active and passive muscle insufficiency

Answer 14

active muscle the joint cant get enough tension on all the joints its acting on because its too short

passive: where two muscles stretch to a point that they are both lengthen to a point that they cant create the desired motion

Question 15

What two groups of people is isometric dynomometry contraindicated for

Answer 15

fracture
individuals with hypertension

Question 16

Define:
Isometric
Isotonic
Isokinetic

Answer 16

Isometric: muscle is at the same length throughout the contraction not moving
Isotonic: muscle is contracting against the same tension so the same amount of weight
Isokinetic: muscle is contracting at the same speed through the workout

Question 17

Avulsion Fracture

Answer 17

a portion of bone becomes fragmented at the site of tendon attachment due to a traumatic and sudden stretch of the tendon

Question 18

Closed Fracture

Answer 18

a break in the bone when the skin over the site remains intact

Question 19

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 19

A bone that breaks into fragments at the site of injury

Question 20

Compound Fracture

Answer 20

a break in a bone that protrudes through the skin

Question 21

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 21

a break on one side of a bone that does not damage the periosteum on the opposite side. This type of fracture is often seen in children

Question 22

Nonunion Fracture

Answer 22

a break in a bone that has failed to unite and heal after 9-12 months

Question 23

Stress Fracture

Answer 23

a break in a bone due to repeated force to a particular portion of the bone

Question 24

Spiral Fracture

Answer 24

a break in a bone shaped like an S due to torsion or twisting

Question 25

Bursitis

Answer 25

a condition caused by acute or chronic inflammation of bursae. symptoms may include limation in active range of motion secondary to pain and swelling

Question 26

Contusion

Answer 26

a sudden blow to a part of the body that can result in mid to sever damage to superficial and deep structures. Treatment includes active range of motion, ice and compression

Question 27

Edema

Answer 27

increased of fluid in the SOFT TISSUE outside of the joint capsule

Question 28

Effusuion

Answer 28

Increase of fluid within the JOINT CAPSULE

Question 29

Genu Valgum

Answer 29

knees touch while standing with feet separated.

Increases stress to the medial structures

Knock kneed

Question 30

Genu Varum

Answer 30

bowing of legs with added space between the knees while standing with the feet together.

increase compression of the medial tibial condyle and increase stress to the lateral structures

Bowlegged

Question 31

Q angle

Answer 31

mid patella to the ASIS to the tibial tuberosity.
Normal 13 degrees for male
18 degrees for female
An excessive Q angle can lead to abnormal tracking

Question 32

Sprain

Answer 32

injury involving a ligament

Question 33

Strain

Answer 33

injury involving muscle tendon or bone

Question 34

Tendonities

Answer 34

acute or chronic inflammation of the tendon

Question 35

Solid AFO

Answer 35

Controls dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion

Quad weakness, ankle deformities, mild instability of knee

Question 36

Posterior Leaf Spring AFO

Answer 36

Assist with dorsiflexion prevent foot drop

Drop foot
Tib anterior weakness
Dorsiflexion paralysis

Question 37

Floor reaction AFO

Answer 37

Assist with knee extension during stance
Crouch gait
Quad weakness
Knee instability
weak plantarflexors

Question 38

C