MSK Procedures - Stasio

Question 1

signs and sx of fracture

Answer 1

pain
swelling
deformity
eccymosis - subQ purpura
loss of function

Question 2

pre and post of fracture

Answer 2

neurovascular status exam**

Question 3

most reliable sx of fracture

Answer 3

pain**

Question 4

oblique fx

Answer 4

straight across bone

Question 5

comminuted fx

Answer 5

fragmented bone

Question 6

spiral fx

Answer 6

from twisting trauma**

Question 7

compound fx

Answer 7

bone through skin

Question 8

avulsion fx

Answer 8

ligament/tendon pulls part of bone off

Question 9

greenstick fx

Answer 9

in children

Question 10

torus fx

Answer 10

buckle fracture

incomplete fx
- bulging of cortex

Question 11

open fracture

Answer 11

communicated to outside environment

need surgical consult and intervention**

risk for osteomyelitis

Question 12

children fractures

Answer 12

need to evaluate growth plate**

salter harris classification

Question 13

salter 1

Answer 13

shift of epiphysis on metaphysis

Question 14

salter 2

Answer 14

fx of metaphysis only

Question 15

salter 3

Answer 15

fx of epiphysis only

Question 16

salter 4

Answer 16

fracture of epiphysis and petaphysis

Question 17

salter 5

Answer 17

rammed and ruined growth plate

metaphysis and epiphysis together - compression

Question 18

higher salter

Answer 18

poorer prognosis for recovery

Question 19

most common children fx

Answer 19

salter II**

fx of metaphysis only

Question 20

pain in snuff box

Answer 20

scaphoid fx
-often shows up on Xray few days later

issue - avascular necrosis

Question 21

need for internal fixation

Answer 21

often in ankle

Question 22

most common broken bon

Answer 22

clavicle

Question 23

fx of distal radius with dorsal displacement

Answer 23

colles fx

fall on outstretched hand

often with associated ulnar styloid fx (60%)

Question 24

dinner fork deformity

Answer 24

colles fx

Question 25

tri-malleolar fx

Answer 25

involves 1 - lat malleolus 2 - med malleolus 3 - posterior

Question 26

landing flat on heel from height

Answer 26

tri-malleolar fx very unstable needs ORIF - open reduction internal fixation

Question 27

complication of fractures

Answer 27

ischemic issue important to check neurovascular status**

Question 28

volkmanns ischemia

Answer 28

compartment syndrome

Question 29

long bone fx

Answer 29

risk for fat embolism

Question 30

thromboembolism

Answer 30

systemic fracture complication

Question 31

vascular injury

Answer 31

early complication of fracture

Question 32

pelvic fx

Answer 32

risk of injury to bladder

Question 33

shock

Answer 33

complication of fractures

Question 34

myositis ossificans

Answer 34

calcification and bony mass forms in mass complication of fx

Question 35

sudecks atrophy

Answer 35

algodystrophy RSD or regional pain syndrome chronic pain that doesn't go away

Question 36

systemic late complications of fx

Answer 36

gangrene, tetanus, specicemia osteoarthritis

Question 37

local late complications of fx

Answer 37

``` myositis ossificans delayed union algodystrophy osteomyelitis growth disturbance ```

Question 38

pressure inside facial compartment exceeds BP

Answer 38

compartment syndrome compromise of circulation to soft tissue irreversible damage can occur in 8 hours emergency** with crush injury, burn, bite, tourniquet

Question 39

stryker 295

Answer 39

can measure compartment pressure

Question 40

tx of compartment syndrome

Answer 40

fasciotomy

Question 41

fracture blisters

Answer 41

arise on skin directly over fx 24-48 hours post injury clear fluid filled or blood filled separation of dermis from epidermis increased infection rate can occur

Question 42

malalignment of fracture

Answer 42

will straighten in kids if angle less than 15 degrees

Question 43

most common ankle sprain

Answer 43

inversion

Question 44

high ankle sprain

Answer 44

twist on planted ankle

Question 45

grade 1 ankle sprain

Answer 45

mild pain, little swelling stiff joint minimum or no loss of function often anterior talofibular ligments

Question 46

grade 2 ankle sprain

Answer 46

moderate to severe pain | moderate loss of function

Question 47

grade 3 ankle sprain

Answer 47

little or no pain - disruption of nerve fibers complete rupture of ligaments - severe laxity requires immobilization for several weeks -may require surgery

Question 48

when to immobilize

Answer 48

``` fx sprain soft tissue injury reduced joint disolcation inflammatory condition tendon laceration ```

Question 49

benefit of cast

Answer 49

better immobilization in fixed position less movement at fracture last for weeks to months

Question 50

long arm cast

Answer 50

stops flexion/extension and pronation/supination

Question 51

benefits of splint

Answer 51

fast and cheap can be adapted from surrounding material less likely to have pressure problem patient can remove

Question 52

hazards of casting

Answer 52

``` compartment syndrome ischemia heat in jury pressure sores infection dermatitis joint stiffness neuro injury ```

Question 53

important for cast

Answer 53

stocking net and padding under cast - plaster or fiberglass

Question 54

cast saw

Answer 54

never run across skin only up and down

Question 55

types of splints

Answer 55

posterior and stirrup for ankle gutter and sugar tong for forearm

Question 56

wrap splint or cast

Answer 56

always wrap distal to proximal** and always wear gloves**

Question 57

indications for joint injections

Answer 57

``` bursitis tendonitis trigger points ganglion cysts neuromas entrapment fasciitis ```

Question 58

contraindications for joint injections

Answer 58

infected skin** acute fracture drug allergy septic arthritis