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PCM Spring 2015 Exam 1 > MSK Procedures - Stasio > Flashcards

MSK Procedures - Stasio Flashcards

1
Q

signs and sx of fracture

A 
pain
swelling
deformity
eccymosis - subQ purpura
loss of function
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2
Q

pre and post of fracture

A

neurovascular status exam**

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3
Q

most reliable sx of fracture

A

pain**

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4
Q

oblique fx

A

straight across bone

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5
Q

comminuted fx

A

fragmented bone

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6
Q

spiral fx

A

from twisting trauma**

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7
Q

compound fx

A

bone through skin

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8
Q

avulsion fx

A

ligament/tendon pulls part of bone off

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9
Q

greenstick fx

A

in children

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10
Q

torus fx

A

buckle fracture

incomplete fx
- bulging of cortex

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11
Q

open fracture

A

communicated to outside environment

need surgical consult and intervention**

risk for osteomyelitis

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12
Q

children fractures

A

need to evaluate growth plate**

salter harris classification

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13
Q

salter 1

A

shift of epiphysis on metaphysis

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14
Q

salter 2

A

fx of metaphysis only

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15
Q

salter 3

A

fx of epiphysis only

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16
Q

salter 4

A

fracture of epiphysis and petaphysis

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17
Q

salter 5

A

rammed and ruined growth plate

metaphysis and epiphysis together - compression

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18
Q

higher salter

A

poorer prognosis for recovery

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19
Q

most common children fx

A

salter II**

fx of metaphysis only

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20
Q

pain in snuff box

A

scaphoid fx
-often shows up on Xray few days later

issue - avascular necrosis

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21
Q

need for internal fixation

A

often in ankle

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22
Q

most common broken bon

A

clavicle

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23
Q

fx of distal radius with dorsal displacement

A

colles fx

fall on outstretched hand

often with associated ulnar styloid fx (60%)

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24
Q

dinner fork deformity

A

colles fx

25
Q

tri-malleolar fx

A

involves
1 - lat malleolus
2 - med malleolus
3 - posterior

26
Q

landing flat on heel from height

A

tri-malleolar fx

very unstable

needs ORIF - open reduction internal fixation

27
Q

complication of fractures

A

ischemic issue

important to check neurovascular status**

28
Q

volkmanns ischemia

A

compartment syndrome

29
Q

long bone fx

A

risk for fat embolism

30
Q

thromboembolism

A

systemic fracture complication

31
Q

vascular injury

A

early complication of fracture

32
Q

pelvic fx

A

risk of injury to bladder

33
Q

shock

A

complication of fractures

34
Q

myositis ossificans

A

calcification and bony mass forms in mass

complication of fx

35
Q

sudecks atrophy

A

algodystrophy

RSD or regional pain syndrome

chronic pain that doesn’t go away

36
Q

systemic late complications of fx

A

gangrene, tetanus, specicemia

osteoarthritis

37
Q

local late complications of fx

A 
myositis ossificans
delayed union
algodystrophy
osteomyelitis
growth disturbance
38
Q

pressure inside facial compartment exceeds BP

A

compartment syndrome

compromise of circulation to soft tissue

irreversible damage can occur in 8 hours

emergency**

with crush injury, burn, bite, tourniquet

39
Q

stryker 295

A

can measure compartment pressure

40
Q

tx of compartment syndrome

A

fasciotomy

41
Q

fracture blisters

A

arise on skin directly over fx

24-48 hours post injury

clear fluid filled or blood filled

separation of dermis from epidermis

increased infection rate can occur

42
Q

malalignment of fracture

A

will straighten in kids if angle less than 15 degrees

43
Q

most common ankle sprain

A

inversion

44
Q

high ankle sprain

A

twist on planted ankle

45
Q

grade 1 ankle sprain

A

mild pain, little swelling
stiff joint
minimum or no loss of function

often anterior talofibular ligments

46
Q

grade 2 ankle sprain

A

moderate to severe pain

moderate loss of function

47
Q

grade 3 ankle sprain

A

little or no pain - disruption of nerve fibers

complete rupture of ligaments - severe laxity

requires immobilization for several weeks
-may require surgery

48
Q

when to immobilize

A 
fx
sprain
soft tissue injury
reduced joint disolcation
inflammatory condition
tendon laceration
49
Q

benefit of cast

A

better immobilization in fixed position

less movement at fracture

last for weeks to months

50
Q

long arm cast

A

stops flexion/extension and pronation/supination

51
Q

benefits of splint

A

fast and cheap

can be adapted from surrounding material

less likely to have pressure problem

patient can remove

52
Q

hazards of casting

A 
compartment syndrome
ischemia
heat in jury
pressure sores
infection
dermatitis
joint stiffness
neuro injury
53
Q

important for cast

A

stocking net and padding

under cast - plaster or fiberglass

54
Q

cast saw

A

never run across skin

only up and down

55
Q

types of splints

A

posterior and stirrup for ankle

gutter and sugar tong for forearm

56
Q

wrap splint or cast

A

always wrap distal to proximal**

and always wear gloves**

57
Q

indications for joint injections

A 
bursitis
tendonitis
trigger points
ganglion cysts
neuromas
entrapment
fasciitis
58
Q

contraindications for joint injections

A

infected skin**
acute fracture
drug allergy
septic arthritis

PCM Spring 2015 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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