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MSK 3 - pelvis and fractures > MSK PRE-LAB: bones of the lower limb > Flashcards

MSK PRE-LAB: bones of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

innominate

A
  • made up of the ilium, ischium and pubic bone.
  1. acetabulum
  2. anterior superior iliac spine
  3. anterior inferior iliac spine
  4. posterior superior iliac spine
  5. posterior inferior iliac spine
  6. ischial spine
  7. ischial tuberosity
  8. superior/inferior pubic/ischio pubic ramus
  9. pubic symphysis
  10. pubic tubercle
  11. greater sciatic notch
  12. esser sciatic notch
  13. obturator foramen
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2
Q

femur features

A

head
fovea
anatomical neck
surgical neck
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
linea aspera
medial/lateral epicondyles
medial/lateral condyles
intercondylar fossa

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3
Q

patella

A
  • medial and lateral articular surfaces (lateral-larger)
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4
Q

proximal tibia and fibula

A

Fibular features:
head
neck

Tibial features:
lateral condyle
medial condyle
tibial plateau
intercondylar area/eminence
tibial tuberosity
articular facet for head of fibula
soleal line

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5
Q

distal tibia and fibula

A

Tibial features:

medial malleolus
articular surface (for talus)

Fibular features:

lateral malleolus
articular surface (for talus)

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6
Q

foot

A

Bones:
calcaneus
talus
navicular
medial cuneiform
intermedial cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
cuboid
metatarsals
phalanges

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7
Q

hip joint function

A
  • connects lower limb to the axial skeleton
  • weight-bearing
  • locomotion
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8
Q

gluteal region- superficial muscles

A

Superficial layer
Tensor Fascia Latae
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus

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9
Q

gluteal region- deep layer muscles

A

Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Superior and Inferior Gemelli
Quadratus femoris

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10
Q

tensor fascia latae

A

Origin:
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and anterior aspect of iliac crest

Insertion:
Iliotibial tract which inserts into the lateral condyle of the tibia

Functions:
Medially rotates the thigh (at the hip joint)
Abducts the thigh (at the hip joint)

  • superior gluteal nerve L5+S1
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11
Q

gluteus maximus

A

Origin:
Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion:
Radiates into iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity (of the femur)

Functions:
Extends the thigh (at the hip joint) – especially from flexed position
Assists in lateral rotation of the thigh (at the hip joint)
Steadies the thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

INFERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE (L5, S1, S2)

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12
Q

gluteus medius

A

Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of the femur
Functions:
Medially rotates the thigh (at hip joint)
Abducts the thigh (at hip joint)

superior gluteal nerve- L5 + S1

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13
Q

gluteus minimus

A

Origin: Gluteal area of ilium
Insertion: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of the femur
Functions: Same as gluteus medius, but weaker abductor

superior gluteal muslce L5-S1

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14
Q

piriformis

A

Origin:
Anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion:
Superior border of greater trochanter of femur

Functions:
Laterally rotates the extended thigh
Abducts when thigh is flexed
Steadies femoral head in acetabulum

has a pyramidal shape and is above the sciatic nerve

nerve- anterior rami of s1-2

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15
Q

obturator internus

A

Origin:
Hip bone (medial surface) around obturator foramen and membrane

Insertion:
Medial surface of greater trochanter (Trochanteric fossa) of femur

Functions:
Laterally rotates the extended thigh
Abducts when thigh is flexed
Steadies femoral head in acetabulum

nerve - L5-S1

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16
Q

qaudratus femoris

A

Origin:
Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

Functions:
Laterally rotates the thigh
Steadies femoral head into the acetabulum

17
Q

superior and inferior gemelli

A

Origin – Superior Gemellus: Ischial spine
Origin – Inferior Gemellus: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion (BOTH): Medial surface of greater trochanter (Trochanteric fossa) of femur

Functions (BOTH):
Laterally rotates the extended thigh
Abducts when thigh is flexed
Steadies femoral head in acetabulum

L5-S1

18
Q

posterior compartment of thigh

A

HAMSTRINGS muscles (ISCHIOCRURAL MUSCLES)

Biceps femoris
Long head
Short head  not a true hamstrings (does not originate from the ischial tuberosity)

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Short head – only one to have different innervation

19
Q

biceps femoris

A

Biceps femoris has two heads (two origins)

Origin:
Long head: ischial tuberosity (true hamstring)
Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar
line of femur

Insertion:
Lateral side of head of fibula

Functions:
Flexes the leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed
Extends the thigh (at hip joint)

LONG HEAD – TIBIAL DIVISION OF SCIATIC NERVE (L5, S1, S2)
SHORT HEAD – COMMON FIBULAR DIVISION OF SCIATIC NERVE (L5, S1, S2

20
Q

semitendinosus

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity (true hamstring)

Insertion:
Medial surface of proximal tibia (pes anserinus superficialis)

Functions:
Extends the thigh (at the hip joint)
Flexes the leg (at the knee joint)
Medially rotates the leg when knee is flexed

tibial division of sciatic nerve- L5,S1,S2

21
Q

pes anserinus

A

Common tendinous and layered expansion of Sartorius, Gracilis and Semitendinosus muscles  inserting jointly medial to the tibial tuberosity (medial aspect of tibia)

22
Q

semimembranosus

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity (true hamstring)

Insertion:
Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia

Functions:
Extends the thigh (at the hip joint)
Flexes the leg (at the knee joint)
Medially rotates the leg when knee is flexed

tibial division of sciatic nerve- L5,S1,S2

23
Q

femoral triangle

A

Floor: muscular
Lateral – iliopsoas
Medial – pectineus

Roof: Fascia lata, cribriform fascia, subcutaneous tissue and skin

Boundaries

Superior – inguinal ligament
Lateral – medial border of sartorius
Medial – lateral border of adductor longus

24
Q

contents of femoral triangle

A
  • femoral nerve
  • fermoral artery
  • fermoral vein
  • great saphenous vein
25
Q

femoral nerve

A

From Lumbar plexus

Largest branch
Anterior rami L2-L4
Motor innervation to quadriceps and flexors of the hip (pectineus, sartorius and iliacus)

  • continuation of the popliteal vein, ends posterior to the inguinal ligament— external iliac vein
  • joined by great saphenous vein at the femoral triangle
26
Q

femoral artery

A
  • continuation of external artery
  • main branches within the triangle: profunda femoris artery, cirumflex femoral arteries, obturator artery

MSK 3 - pelvis and fractures (3 decks)

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