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MSK, Skin, and Connective Tissue First Aid USMLE Step 1 > MSK Pharm > Flashcards

MSK Pharm Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Neutrophil Chemotactic Agent

A

LTB4

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2
Q

Leukotrienes that function in bronchoconstriction, vasoconstriction, contraction of smooth muscle, and increased vascular permeability.

A

LTC4, D4 and E4

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3
Q

Prostaglandin that inhibits platelet aggregation and promotes vasodilation

A

PGI2

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4
Q

Irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX1 and 2) by acetylation, which decreases synthesis of both thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins. Increases bleeding time with no effect on PT or PTT. NSAID

A

Aspirin

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5
Q

Reversibly inhibit COX 1 and 2. Block prostaglandin synthesis.

A

NSAIDS

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6
Q

NSAIDS

A

Ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac, and diclofenac.

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7
Q

Reversibly inhibit COX2, found in inflammatory cells and vascular endothelium and mediates inflammation/pain; spares COX1 which helps maintain the gastric mucosa. Spares platelet function as TXA2 production is dependent on COX1.

A

COX-2 Inhibitors (Celecoxib)

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8
Q

Reversibly inhibits COX, mostly in the CNS but peripherally inactivated.

A

Acetaminophen

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9
Q

Pyrophosphate analogs; bind hydroxyapatite in bone to inhibit osteoclast activity.

A

Bisphosphonates (Alendronate, other -dronates)

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10
Q

Used for osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, Paget’s disease of bone

A

Bisphosphonates (Alendronate, other -dronates)

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11
Q

Used as antipyretic, analgesic, but not anti-inflammatory. Used instead of aspirin to avoid Reye’s Syndrome in children with viral infection.

A

Acetaminophen

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12
Q

Used for RA and OA, pts with gastritis or ulcers.

A

COX2 Inhibitors (Celecoxib)

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13
Q

Used as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory. One of which can be used to close a PDA

A

NSAIDS (Ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac, and diclofenac),
- Indomethacin to close PDA

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14
Q
  • Low Dose (<300 mg/day): decreases platelet aggregation.
  • Intermediate Dose (300-2400 mg/day): antipyretic and analgesic
  • High Dose (2400-4000 mg/day): anti-inflammatory.
A

Aspirin

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15
Q

SE: Gastric ulceration, tinnitus (CN VIII). Chronic use –> acute renal failure, interstitial nephritis, and upper GI bleeding. Risk of Reye’s syndrome in kids treated for viral infection. Also stimulates resp centers, causing hyperventilation and resp alkalosis.

A

Aspirin

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16
Q

SE: Interstitial nephritis, gastric ulcer (PGs protect gastric mucosa), renal ischemia (PGs vasodilate afferent arteriole)

A

NSAIDS (Ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac, and diclofenac)

17
Q

SE: Increased risk of thrombosis, sulfa allergy

A

COX-2 Inhibitors (Celecoxib)

18
Q

SE: Overdose produces hepatic necrosis, metabolite depletes glutathione and forms toxic tissue adducts in liver. N-acetylcystein is antidote (regulates glutathione)

A

Acetaminophen

19
Q

SE: Corrosive esophagitis, osteonecrosis of jaw

A

Bisphosphonates (Alendronate, other -dronates)

20
Q

(For Gout) Inhibits Xanthine Oxidase to decrease conversion of xanthine to uric acid.

A

Allopurinol, Febuxostat

21
Q

Also used in lymphoma and leukemia to prevent tumor lysis-associated irate nephropathy. Increases concentrations of azathioprine and 6-MP (both normally oxidized by xanthine oxidase)

A

Allopurinol

22
Q

Do not give with salicylates; all but the highest doses depress uric acid clearance. Even high doses have only minor uricosuric activity.

A

Allopurinol.

23
Q

(For Gout) Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in PCT (also inhibits secretion of penicillin)

A

Probenecid

24
Q

(For Gout) Binds and stabilizes tubulin to inhibit polymerization, impairing leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation. GI Side effects if given orally.

A

Colchicine

25
Q

Chronic Gout Drugs

A

Allopurinol, Febuxostat, Probenecid, Colchicine

26
Q

Acute Gout Drugs

A

NSAIDS (Naproxen, Indomethacin) or Glucocorticoids (Oral or intraarteriolar)

27
Q

Predispose to infection including reactivation of latent TB since TNF-alpha prevents activation of macrophages and destruction of phagocytosed microbes.

A

TNF-alpha Inhibitors

28
Q

Mech: Fusion protein (receptor for TNF-alpha + IgG1 Fc) produced by recombinant DNA to inhibit TNF-alpha

A

Etanercept

29
Q

Anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody

A

Infliximab, Adalimumab

30
Q

Used for RA, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis

A

Etanercept

31
Q

Used for Crohn’s Disease, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriasis

A

Infliximab, and Adalimumab

MSK, Skin, and Connective Tissue First Aid USMLE Step 1 (4 decks)

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