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Clinical Skills - MSK > MSK Objective Assessment > Flashcards

MSK Objective Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up a routine assessment?

A 
Observation
Palpation
Effusion 
Active ROM
Passive ROM
Resisted testing 
Accessory movement 
Ligaments 
Functional tests
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2
Q

What are you observing during the objective assessment?

A

Alignment
Atrophy
Colour
Deformity

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3
Q

What are you feeling for during active ROM?

A 
Quality 
Range 
Pain response (when and where)
Occurrence of muscle spasm 
Any resistance to movement
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4
Q

What movements are you testing during active ROM?

A 
Flexion 
Extension 
Abduction 
Adduction 
Medial rotation 
Lateral rotation
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5
Q

What does AROM test for?

A

Muscle and tendon
Inert tissue
Load

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6
Q

What is a passive ROM?

A

A test of inert and non-contractile structures

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7
Q

What should you be looking for when performing PROM?

A

Limit to movement
Pain response
ROM achieved
Any other symptoms produced

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8
Q

What is normal end feel?

A

Soft - soft tissue approximation
Hard - bony approximation
Spongey - inflamed or effusive joint
Soft with a hard end feel - capsular, ligament or muscle stretch

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9
Q

What are abnormal end feels?

A 
Bone to bone 
Muscle spasm
Capsular/elastic 
Empty (can’t get an end feel)
Springy block
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10
Q

What is effusion testing?

A

Tap test - tap the patella and find soft end feel, indicative of swelling
Sweep test - sweep fro, inferior medial to superior and then laterally, observe medial aspect of knee or palpate to for fluid

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11
Q

What does resisted muscle testing test for?

A

Contractile tissues

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12
Q

What does a strong and painful resisted muscle test result mean?

A

Tendinitis

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13
Q

What does a strong and painless resisted muscle test result mean?

A

Normal

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14
Q

What does a weak and painless muscle test result show?

A

Muscle rupture

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15
Q

What does a weak and painful resisted muscle test show?

A

Fracture

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16
Q

What does it show when a resisted muscle test is painful on repetition?

A

Intermittent claudication

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17
Q

What does it mean when all movements are painful in a muscle resisted test?

A

Affective disorder

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18
Q

What are special tests used for during an objective assessment?

A

To determine which disease, condition or injury is present

19
Q

What procedure do you use for a soft tissue injury?

A

POLICE

20
Q

What does POLICE stand for?

A 
Protection 
Optimal Loading 
Ice 
Compression 
Elevation
21
Q

What is the process of mechanotherapy?

A 
Loading of tissue 
Stimulated cellular response 
Tissue adapts 
Tissues improves structure 
Tissue able to maintain homeostasis = less pain
22
Q

How can you assess ligaments?

A

Accessory tests

23
Q

What are the soft tissue treatment techniques?

A 
Specific soft tissue mobilisations (SSTM)
Deep transverse frictions 
Muscle lengthening 
Trigger point 
Exercise
24
Q

How can SSTM help injuries?

A

Pain relief
Collagen remodelling and ground substances
Affects visco-elastic properties

25
Q

What is physiological SSTM?

A

Self stretch
Therapist stretch
Engage barrier
Oscillate using maitland grading or static holds

26
Q

What are accessory SSTM techniques?

A

Direct pressure
Bowing
Transverse mobilisations

27
Q

What are combined SSTM techniques?

A

Deep transverse friction massage

28
Q

How does deep transverse friction massage work (DTFM)?

A

Breaks down adhesions
Increases blood supply
Activates cells in the area
Helps re-orientate fibres

29
Q

What are the contra-indications and precautions for DTFM’s?

A 
Open wounds 
Clotting disorders 
DVT
Acute inflammation 
Skin infections 
Acute inflammation 
Growth plates 
Skin disorders 
Possible cancer 
Rheumatoid arthritis 
Bursitis
30
Q

What are graded mobilisations determined by?

A

SIN factor
Position in the range
Amplitude
Relationship to resistance and pain

31
Q

What are the grades for mobilisations>

A 
Grade I - small and fast 
Grade II - large sand slow 
RESISTANCE
Grade III - large and slow 
Grade IV - small and fast
32
Q

What are the effects of immobilisation?

A 
Loss of function 
Decreased ROM
Muscle atrophy 
Soft tissue length changes
Cartilage changes 
Bony changes Pain states
33
Q

What are the types of joint motion?

A

Osteokinematic

Arthrokinematic

34
Q

What is Osteokinematic joint motion?

A

Movement of the bones

35
Q

What is arthrokinematic joint motion?

A

Motion between joint surfaces

36
Q

What is closed pack position?

A

Position in which the joint ligaments and capsule are maximally taught

37
Q

What are the benefits for joint mobilisations?

A

Restoration of movement to a joint

Specific to joint

38
Q

What are the effects of joint mobilisations?

A

Improving ranges of active, passive and accessory joint movements
Increasing length of joint joint soft tissue structures
Increasing length of joint surrounding soft tissue structures
Relief of pain
Decrease muscle spasm
Placebo effect

39
Q

What are the benefits of exercise?

A 
Reduced stress 
Increased balance and coordination 
Decreased body fat 
Decreased osteoporosis 
Relaxation 
Increase muscle tone, flexibly and posture 
Increased cardiorespiratory function 
Increased well-being and confidence
40
Q

What are the principles of strength training?

A 
Overload 
Specificity 
Motivation 
Learning 
Reversibility 
Diminishing returns 
Age 
Gender
41
Q

What are some of the goals for active assisted exercise?

A

Maintain physiological elasticity and contractility of the participating muscles
Provide sensory feedback for the contracting muscles
Increase circulation
Develop coordination and motor skills for functions activities

42
Q

What are the principles of application for active assisted exercise?

A 
Examination, evaluation and treatment planning 
Communication 
Remove restrictive clothing 
Clear the work space 
Starting position of the patient 
Your position 
Demonstrate with passive movement first
43
Q

What are the types of active assisted exercise?

A

Manual active assisted exercise
Auto-assisted exercise
Mechano- assisted exercise (poles, slippy boards, gym balls, wall, hoops, stationary bikes)

Clinical Skills - MSK (2 decks)

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