MSK - Lower Limb Flashcards
What muscles make up the superficial group of the gluteal region, what are their functions/innervations ?
Function: extensors, ABductors and medial rotators of thigh
Gluteus maximus - inferior gluteal nerve - a branch of the sacral plexus (L4-S2)
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae - ALL innervated by superior gluteal
Name the muscles of the deep muscle group of the gluteal region and their innervations/functions
LATERAL ROTATORS OF THIGH AND HIP STABILISERS
All innervated by sacral plexus:
Piriformis Obturator internus Superior gemellus Inferior gemellus Quadratus femoris
What is the nerve root value, course and function of the Sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
- Largest in body
- Usually exits INFERIOR TO PIRIFORMIS
- Usually most lateral exiting greater sciatic foramen
- Receives its own named artery - artery to the sciatic nerve
- SUPPLIES NOTHING IN GLUTEAL REGION
- Passes down into posterior thigh: 2 portions - TIBIAL (larger, medial) & COMMON FIBULAR (smaller, lateral)
What is the nerve root value and function of the Pudendal nerve?
S2-S4
Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, crosses over ischial spine, then reenters the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen.
- Principal nerve to perineum
What is the nerve root value, course and function of the Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh?
S1-S3
Exits pelvis with sciatic nerve (via greater sciatic foramen) under the piriformis muscle
Skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh
Describe the boundaries of the femoral triangle
Bounded:
Superiorly - inguinal ligament Medially - adductor longus muscle (lateral border) Laterally - Sartorius (medial border) Floor - Iliopsoas and pectineus Roof - deep fascia (fascia lata)
Describe the contents of the femoral triangle
From lateral to medial: Femoral Nerve Femoral Artery Femoral Vein Lymphatics
What divides the lower limb into compartments?
Intermuscular Septa
Define the term ‘compartment syndrome’
Increased pressure caused by swelling of tissue or increase in fluid (bleeding)
Affects functions of the muscles or nerves in the compartment
Acute or chronic
Fasciotomy to relieve pressure in emergency
What are the compartments of the lower limb?
Thigh - anterior, posterior, MEDIAL
Leg - anterior, posterior, LATERAL
What relates the muscles within a compartment?
Generally, the muscles in each compartment have similar actions and a common nerve supply
What are the muscle actions and nerve supply for the compartments of the thigh?
Anterior - thigh flexors, leg extensors - FEMORAL NERVE
Medial - thigh adductors - OBTURATOR NERVE
Posterior - thigh extensors, leg flexors - TIBIAL DIVISION OF SCIATIC NERVE
What are the muscle actions and nerve supply for the compartments of the leg?
Anterior - ankle dorsiflexors, toe extensors - DEEP FIBULAR NERVE
Lateral - foot evertors, ankle plantarflexors - SUPERFICIAL FIBULAR NERVE
Posterior (TIBIAL NERVE) - Superficial group (Ankle plantarflexors), Deep group (Toe flexors + ankle plantarflexors)
What is the lymphatic drainage of the lower limb?
Superficial
- Follow saphenous veins
- Drain to superficial inguinal lymph nodes
- Then external iliac lymph nodes
Deep
- Follow deep veins
- (Popliteal lymph nodeS)
- Deep inguinal lymph nodes
- External iliac lymph nodes
- some drain to deep inguinal from superficial inguinal
- small saphenous vein – to popliteal lymph nodes first
Describe the osteology of the hip joint
Ball = head of femur Socker = acetabulum of hip
