MSK LL Joints

Question 1

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 1

A ball and socket synovial type joint.

Question 2

What structures form the hip joint?

Answer 2

The head of the femur and the acetabulum

Question 3

What is special about the two structures that form the hip joint?

Answer 3

They are both covered in articular cartilage, which is thicker at weight bearing places. The acetabulum is thickened b the acetabular labrum, a fibrocartilaginous collar.

Question 4

What structure give stability to the movement of the hip joint?

Answer 4

The acetabulum is deep and encompasses nearly all of the head of the femur.
A acetabular labrum improves the stability of the joint by increasing it’s depth.
The ligaments due to their spiral orientation are tighter when the joint is extended, which adds stability to the joint and also means less energy is needed to maintain a standing position.

Question 5

What structures limit movement of the hip joint?

Answer 5

The joint capsule and ligaments of the joint

Question 6

Which muscles enable flexion of the hip joint?

Answer 6

Iliosoas, rectus femoris, Sartorius, Pectineus (all muscles of the anterior thigh)

Question 7

Which muscles allow extension of the hip joint?

Answer 7

Gluteus maximus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

Question 8

Which muscles allow abduction of the hip joint?

Answer 8

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and the deep gluteals minus quadratus femoris

Question 9

What muscles allow adduction of the hip joint?

Answer 9

Adductors longus, brevis and magnus, gracilis, piriformis

Question 10

Which muscles allow lateral rotation of the hip joint?

Answer 10

Biceps femoris, gluteus maximus and deep gluteals

Question 11

Which muscles allow medial rotation of the hip joint?

Answer 11

Gluteus medius and mimus, semitendinosus and semimembranosus

Question 12

What are the depp gluteals?

Answer 12

OPQ and Gemelli – Obturator internus, Piriformis, Quadratus femoris, Superior gemelli, Inferior gemelli

Question 13

What are the superficial gluteals?

Answer 13

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Question 14

What are the intracupsular ligaments associated with the hip joint?

Answer 14

Ligament of head of femur

Question 15

What are the extracapsular ligaments associated with the hip joint?

Answer 15

Iliofemoral, Pubofemoral, Ischiofemoral

Question 16

What is the strength of the different ligaments that make up the hip joint?

Answer 16

The anterior ligaments are strong. This is essential because the medial flexors are fewer and weaker.
The posterior ligaments are the weaker ligaments. This is fine because the medial rotator muscles are greater in number, stronger and pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

Question 17

What is the blood supply to the hip joint?

Answer 17

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral ateries

Question 18

What is the innervation of the hip joint?

Answer 18

Femoral, obturator and superior gluteal nerve and the nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 19

What is a bursa?

Answer 19

A bursa is a synovial fluid filled sac, found between moving structures in a joint – with the aim of reducing wear and tear on those structures.

Question 20

What are the bursa of the hip joint?

Answer 20

Trochanteric, Iliopsoas and ishiogluteal

Question 21

Describe the hip joint capsule

Answer 21

It is composed of 2 layers – the external fibrous layer and the internal synovial membrane.

Question 22

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 22

Hinge type synovial joint

Question 23

What structures form the knee joint?

Answer 23

Articulation between the patella, femur and tibia

Question 24

What are the two articulating surfaces of the knee joint?

Answer 24

Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral

Question 25

What are menisci and where are they found?

Answer 25

They are C shaped fibrocartilage structures in the knee

Question 26

What is the job of menisci?

Answer 26

• They deepen the articular surface of the tibia, thus increasing stability of the joint.
• Act as shock absorbers

Question 27

What are the bursae f the knee joint?

Answer 27

Suprapatella, Prepatella, Infrapatella and Semimembranosus

Question 28

What are the 3 types of ligaments of the knee?

Answer 28

Patella collateral and cruciate

Question 29

What is the patella ligament?

Answer 29

A continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon distal to the patella.

Question 30

What are the collateral ligaments of the knee?

Answer 30

These are two strap- like ligaments. Stabilise hinge motion of the knee, preventing any medial or lateral movement.

• Tibial (medial) collateral ligament. A wide flat ligament.
• Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament. Thinner and more round

Question 31

What are the cruiciate ligaments of the knee?

Answer 31

Anterior cruciate ligament – found in the intercondylar fossa, it prevents anterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur.
Posterior cruciate ligament – found in the intercondylar fossa, it prevents posterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur

Question 32

what is the blood supply of the knee joint?

Answer 32

Popliteal arterym circumflex fibular arter and anterior and posterior fibular arteries

Question 33

What is the innervation of the knee joint?

Answer 33

Obturator, femoral and sciatic nerves

Question 34

Which muscles allow extension of the knee joint?

Answer 34

Quadriceps femoris (inserts into the tibial tuberosity)

Question 35

What muscles allow flexion of the knee joint?

Answer 35

Hamstrings, gracilis, Sartorius and popliteus

Question 36

What muscles allow lateral rotation of the knee joint?

Answer 36

Biceps femoris

Question 37

What muscles allow medial rotation of the knee joint?

Answer 37

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus