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MSK I muscles > MSK I Lower limb > Flashcards

MSK I Lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior compartment of thigh contains

A

Iliacus, psoas major, quadriceps including rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, sartorius, branches of femoral artery, vein and nerve

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2
Q

Medial compartment of thigh contains

A

pectineus, obturator externus, gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator artery, vein and nerve

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3
Q

Pes anserinus is made of

A

semitendinosus tendon, gracilis tendon, and sartorius tendon

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4
Q

what muscles make up the quadriceps femoris

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

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5
Q

borders of the femoral triangle

A

superior: inguinal ligament
medial: lateral border of adductor longus
lateral medial border of sartorius
floor: pectineus and iliopsoas
roof: deep fascia

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6
Q

Femoral triangle contents

A

NAVL, femoral nerve, femoral artery and branches, femoral vein, and lymphatics

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7
Q

posterior compartment of thigh contains

A

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, perforating branches of deep femoral artery and vein, sciatic nerve

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8
Q

superficial muscles of gluteal region

A

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

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9
Q

deep muscles of gluteal region

A

obturator intermus, gemellus inferior, piriformis, gemellus superior, quadratus femoris

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10
Q

Iliacus origin

A

iliac fossa

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11
Q

iliacus insertion

A

lesser trochanter

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12
Q

iliacus innervation

A

L2, L3 femoral nerve

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13
Q

Iliacus action

A

flexion and lateral rotation of thigh

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14
Q

Psoas major origin

A

anterior vertebral bordies and transverse process of TV12-LV5

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15
Q

Psoas major insertion

A

lesser trochanter

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16
Q

Psoas major innervation

A

L1-L3 ventral rami of lumbar nerves

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17
Q

Psoas major action

A

flexion and lateral roation of thigh while nonweight bearing, flexes and side bends trunk while weight bearing

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18
Q

Sartorius origin

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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19
Q

sartorius insertion

A

medial tibia just below condyle with gracilis and semitendinosus at pes anerinus

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20
Q

Sartorius innervation

A

femoral nerve

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21
Q

Sartorius action

A

flexion of thigh and leg, lateral rotation of thigh, medial rotation of leg with knee flexed, abducts entire lower limb if knee is locked

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22
Q

Rectus femoris origin

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

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23
Q

rectus femoris insertion

A

superior part of patella to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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24
Q

rectus femoris innervation

A

femoral nerve

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25
Q

Rectus femoris action

A

flexion of thigh and extension of leg

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26
Q

Vastus lateralis origin

A

greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera

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27
Q

vastus lateralis insertion

A

lateral patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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28
Q

vastus lateralis innervation

A

femoral nerve

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29
Q

vastus lateralis action

A

leg extension

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30
Q

vastus medialis origin

A

intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera

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31
Q

vastus medialis insertion

A

medial patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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32
Q

vastus medialis innervation

A

femoral nerve

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33
Q

vastus medialis action

A

leg extension, maintains proper patellar tracking

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34
Q

vastus intermedius origin

A

anterior and lateral surface of femoral shaft

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35
Q

vastus intermedius insertion

A

deep surface of tendon of rectus femoris and other vastus muscles via aponeurosis

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36
Q

vastus intermedius innervation

A

femoral nerve

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37
Q

vastus intermedius action

A

leg extension

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38
Q

articularis genu origin

A

anterior inferior surface of femur

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39
Q

articularis genu insertion

A

superior portion of synovial membrane of knee joint and wall of suprapatellar bursa

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40
Q

articularis genu innervation

A

femoral nerve

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41
Q

articularis genu action

A

pulls synovial membrane superior during leg extension to prevent entrapment between patella and femur

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42
Q

Pectineus origin

A

pectineal line of pubis

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43
Q

Pectineus insertion

A

pectineal line of femur, posterior and inferior to lesser trochanter

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44
Q

pectineus innervation

A

femoral nerve, obturator nerve or both

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45
Q

pectineus action

A

flexion and adduction of thigh

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46
Q

adductor longus origin

A

anterior body of pubis

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47
Q

adductor longus insertion

A

middle part of medial lip of linea aspera

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48
Q

adductor longus innervation

A

anterior division of obturator nerve

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49
Q

adductor longus action

A

flexion and adduction of thigh

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50
Q

adductor brevis origin

A

inferior pubic ramus

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51
Q

adductor brevis insertion

A

upper half medial lip of linea aspera

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52
Q

adductor brevis innervation

A

anterior and posterior division of obturator nerve

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53
Q

adductor brevis action

A

flexion and adduction of thigh

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54
Q

adductor magnus adductor head origin

A

ischiopubic ramus

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55
Q

adductor magnus adductor head insertion

A

gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line

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56
Q

adductor magnus adductor head innervation

A

posterior division of obturator nerve

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57
Q

adductor magnus adductor head action

A

adducts and extends thigh

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58
Q

adductor magnus hamstring head origin

A

ischial tuberosity

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59
Q

adductor magnus hamstring head insertion

A

anterior tubercle of femur

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60
Q

adductor magnus hamstring head innervation

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve

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61
Q

adductor magnus hamstring head action

A

adducts and extends thigh

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62
Q

Gracilis origin

A

inferior pubic ramus near symphysis

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63
Q

gracilis insertion

A

medial tibia just below condyle with sartorius and semitendinosus at pes anerinus

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64
Q

gracilis innervation

A

anterior division of obturator nerve

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65
Q

gracilis action

A

adducts thigh, flexes and helps to medially rotate leg with flexed knee

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66
Q

obturator externus origin

A

anterior margins of obturator foramen and membrane

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67
Q

obturator externus insertion

A

trochanteric fossa of femur

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68
Q

obturator externus innervation

A

Posterior division of obturator nerve

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69
Q

obturator externus action

A

lateral rotation of thigh with knee flexed

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70
Q

gluteus maximus origin

A

ilium posterior to the posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

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71
Q

gluteus maximus insertion

A

gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract ITT

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72
Q

gluteus maximus innervation

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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73
Q

gluteus maximus action

A

extends thigh, lateral rotation of thigh, acts with ITT to stabilize knee

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74
Q

Gluteus medius origin

A

ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines

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75
Q

gluteus medius insertion

A

greater troachanter

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76
Q

gluteus medius innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve

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77
Q

gluteus medius action

A

abduction of thigh, posterior fibers- assist gluteus maximus in lateral thigh rotation, anterior fibers-assist gluteus minimus in medial thigh rotation and leveling sacral base when contralateral limb is raised off of ground

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78
Q

Gluteus minimus origin

A

ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

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79
Q

gluteus minimus insertion

A

anterior surface of great trochanter

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80
Q

gluteus minimus innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve

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81
Q

gluteus minimus action

A

abduction and medial rotation of thigh, assists gluteus medius in leveling sacral base

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82
Q

Tensor fascia latae origin

A

anterior lateral iliac crest

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83
Q

tensor fascia latae insertion

A

iliotibial tract

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84
Q

tensor fascia latae innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve

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85
Q

tensor fascia latae action

A

abducts, flexes and helps to medially rotate thigh, maintains extended knee

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86
Q

Piriformis origin

A

anterior surface of sacrum

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87
Q

piriformis insertion

A

greater trochanter

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88
Q

piriformis innervation

A

nerve to piriformis, S1, S2 ventral rami

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89
Q

piriformis action

A

abduction and lateral rotation of thigh

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90
Q

Gemellus superior origin

A

ischial spine

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91
Q

gemellus superior insertion

A

merges with tendon of obturator internus to trochanteric fossa

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92
Q

gemellus superior innervation

A

nerve to obturator internus L5-S2 ventral rami

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93
Q

gemellus superior action

A

lateral thigh rotation, thigh abduction

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94
Q

obturator internus origin

A

internal surface of obturator membrane and margin of obturator foramen

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95
Q

obturator internus insertion

A

greater trochanter

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96
Q

obturator internus innervation

A

nerve to obturator internus L5-S2 ventral rami

97
Q

obturator internus action

A

lateral rotation and abduction of thigh

98
Q

gemellus inferior origin

A

ischial tuberosity near lesser sciatic notch

99
Q

gemellus inferior insertion

A

merges with tendon of obturator internus to trochanteric fossa

100
Q

gemellus inferior innervation

A

nerve to quadratus femoris, ventral rami L4-S1

101
Q

gemellus inferior action

A

abduction of thigh and lateral rotation

102
Q

quadratus femoris origin

A

ischial tuberosity

103
Q

quadratus femoris insertion

A

quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur

104
Q

quadratus femoris innervation

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

105
Q

quadratus femoris action

A

lateral thigh rotation

106
Q

biceps femoris long head origin

A

ischial tuberosity

107
Q

biceps femoris long head insertion

A

lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula

108
Q

biceps femoris long head innervation

A

tibial component of sciatic nerve L5-S2

109
Q

biceps femoris long head action

A

extend thigh, flex and laterally rotate leg when knee is flexed

110
Q

Biceps femoris short head origin

A

middle third of lateral lip of linea aspera

111
Q

biceps femoris short head insertion

A

lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula

112
Q

biceps femoris short head innervation

A

common fibular component of sciatic nerve L5-S2

113
Q

biceps femoris short head action

A

flex and laterally rotate leg when knee is flexed

114
Q

semimembranosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity

115
Q

semimembranosus insertion

A

posterior surface of medial condyle on tibia

116
Q

semimembranosus innervation

A

tibial component of sciatic nerve

117
Q

semimembranosus action

A

extension of thigh, flexion of leg, and medial rotation of leg when knee is flexed

118
Q

Semitendonosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity

119
Q

semitendonosus insertion

A

medial anterior surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle, pes anserinus

120
Q

semitendonosus innervation

A

tibial component of sciatic nerve

121
Q

semitendonosus action

A

extension of thigh, flexion and medial rotation of leg when knee is flexed

122
Q

What is the superolateral border of popliteal fossa

A

Biceps femoris

123
Q

Superomedial border of popliteal fossa

A

semimembranosus

124
Q

Inferolateral border of popliteal fossa

A

gastrocnemius lateral head

125
Q

inferomedial border of popliteal fossa

A

gastrocnemius medial head

126
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa

A

Small saphenous vein, popliteal artery, vein and tributaries, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves, popliteal lymph nodes/ducts and fat

127
Q

Tibialis anterior origin

A

lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

128
Q

tibialis anterior insertion

A

medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

129
Q

tibialis anterior innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

130
Q

tibialis anterior action

A

dorsiflexion and inversion of foot, strongest dorsiflexor

131
Q

Extensor digitorum longus origin

A

anterior surface of fibula, lateral tibial condyle and interosseous membrane

132
Q

Extensor digitorum longus insertion

A

middle and distal phalanages of digits 2-5

133
Q

Extensor digitorum innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

134
Q

Extensor digitorum action

A

extends lateral 4 digits and dorsiflex foot

135
Q

Fibularis tertius origin

A

inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

136
Q

fibularis tertius insertion

A

dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

137
Q

fibularis tertius innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

138
Q

fibularis tertius action

A

dorsiflex foot, aid in eversion of foot

139
Q

Extensor hallucis longus origin

A

middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

140
Q

Extensor hallucis longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of hallux

141
Q

Extensor hallucis longus innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

142
Q

Extensor hallucis longus action

A

dorsiflex foot, extend hallux

143
Q

Fibularis longus origin

A

head of and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

144
Q

Fibularis longus insertion

A

base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

145
Q

fibularis longus innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve

146
Q

Fibularis longus action

A

eversion and plantar flexion of foot, depress medial plantar arch during toe off phase of walking and running

147
Q

Fibularis brevis origin

A

distal lateral fibula

148
Q

Fibularis brevis insertion

A

lateral base of 5th metatarsal

149
Q

Fibularis brevis innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve

150
Q

Fibularis brevis action

A

eversion and plantar flexion of foot, depress medial plantar arch during toe off phase of walking and running

151
Q

Gastrocnemius origin

A

lateral and medial aspect of lateral/medial condyles of femur

152
Q

Gastrocnemius insertion

A

calcaneus with soleus and plantaris muscles

153
Q

Gastrocnemius innveration

A

tibial nerve

154
Q

Gastrocnemius action

A

plantar flexion of foot and flex leg

155
Q

Soleus origin

A

posterior surface of head and proximal shaft of fibula, soleal line on upper tibia

156
Q

Soleus insertion

A

calcaneus with gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles

157
Q

Soleus innervation

A

tibial nerve

158
Q

Soleus action

A

plantar flexion of foot, together with gastrocs produce 93% of plantar flexion force during walking and running

159
Q

Plantaris origin

A

posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur

160
Q

Plantaris insertion

A

calcaneus with gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

161
Q

Plantaris innervation

A

tibial nerve

162
Q

Plantaris action

A

aids gastrocnemius to plantar flex foot

163
Q

Popliteus origin

A

lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

164
Q

Popliteus insertion

A

proximal tibia superior to soleal line

165
Q

popliteus innervation

A

tibial nerve

166
Q

popliteus action

A

flex and medially rotate leg, when foot is fixed it laterally rotates femur to unlock knee

167
Q

Flexor hallucis longus origin

A

distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

168
Q

flexor hallucis longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of hallux

169
Q

Flexor hallucis longus innervation

A

tibial nerve

170
Q

Flexor hallucis longus action

A

Flexes hallux, plantar flexes foot

171
Q

Flexor digitorum longus origin

A

posterior surface of middle of tibia

172
Q

Flexor digitorum longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5

173
Q

Flexor digitorum longus innervation

A

tibial nerve

174
Q

Flexor digitorum longus action

A

Flexes digits 2-5, plantar flexes foot

175
Q

Tibialis posterior origin

A

posterior surface of upper tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane

176
Q

Tibialis posterior insertion

A

bases of metatarsals 2-4, navicular, all cuneiforms and sustentaculum tali

177
Q

Tibialis posterior innervation

A

tibial nerve

178
Q

Tibialis posterior action

A

inversion and plantar flexion of foot

179
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis origin

180
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis insertion

A

long extensor tendons of digits 2-4

181
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

182
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis action

A

aids long extensor tendons to digits 2-4 at the MTP and IP joints

183
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis origin

184
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis insertion

A

dorsal base of proximal phalanx of hallux

185
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

186
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis action

A

aids extensor hallucis longus to extend big toe at MTP joint

187
Q

Adductor hallucis origin

A

oblique head- base of metatarsals 2-4, transverse head- lateral 4 plantar MTP ligaments

188
Q

Adductor hallucis insertion

A

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of hallux

189
Q

Adductor hallucis innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve

190
Q

Adductor hallucis action

A

adducts hallux, active during push off, pulling the lateral 4 metatarsals towards digit 1 to maintain transverse arch

191
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis origin

A

medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus

192
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis insertion

A

middle phalanx of digits 2-5

193
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis innervation

A

Medial plantar nerve

194
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis action

A

flex middle and proximal phalanges of digits 2-5

195
Q

Quadratus plantae origin

A

medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

196
Q

Quadratus plantae insertion

A

tendon of flexor digitorum longus

197
Q

Quadratus plantae innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve

198
Q

Quadratus plantae action

A

pulls on common tendon of flexor digitorum longus to redirect line of action

199
Q

Lumbricals origin

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

200
Q

Lumbricals insertion

A

medial side of proximal phalanges of digits 2-5 to attach on the dorsal digital expansions

201
Q

Lumbricals innervation

A

1st- medial plantar nerve

2-4 lateral plantar nerve

202
Q

Lumbricals action

A

flexes MTP joints, Extends IP joints in digits 2-5

203
Q

Abductor digiti minimi origin

A

medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus

204
Q

Abductor digiti minimi insertion

A

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 5

205
Q

Abductor digiti minimi innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve

206
Q

Abductor digiti minimi action

A

abducts digit 5

207
Q

Flexor digiti minimi origin

A

base of 5th metatarsal

208
Q

Flexor digiti minimi insertion

A

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 5

209
Q

Flexor digiti minimi innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve

210
Q

Flexor digiti minimi action

A

flex and abduct digit 5

211
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis origin

A

plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

212
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis insertion

A

lateral and medial sides of base of proximal phalanx of hallux

213
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis innervation

A

medial plantar nerve

214
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis action

A

flex hallux

215
Q

Abductor hallucis origin

A

medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus

216
Q

Abductor hallucis insertion

A

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of hallux

217
Q

Abductor hallucis innervation

A

medial plantar nerve

218
Q

Abductor hallucis action

A

abducts hallux

219
Q

Plantar interossei origin

A

medial side of plantar surfaces of metatarsals 3-5

220
Q

Plantar interossei insertions

A

medial side of bases of proximal phalanx of digits 3-5 and their extensor expansions

221
Q

Plantar interossei innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve

222
Q

Plantar interossei action

A

adducts digits 3-5, flexes MTP joints

223
Q

Dorsal interossei origin

A

adjacent sides of metatarsals

224
Q

Dorsal interossei insertion

A

1st interossei- medial side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 2
2nd-4th interossei- lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of digits 2-4 and their extensor expansions

225
Q

Dorsal interossei innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve

226
Q

Dorsal interossei action

A

abduct digits 2-4, flex MTP joints

227
Q

Femoral canal contains

A

lymphatics, only the most medial compartment of femoral sheath

228
Q

Femoral sheath is a continuation of

A

transversalis fascia of the abdominal wall

229
Q

Adductor canal boundaries

A

Anteromedially- Sartorius and vastoadductor membrane
Anterolaterally- vastus medialis
posteriorly- adductor longus superiorly, adductor magnus inferiorly

230
Q

Adductor canal contents

A

Femoral artery, vein and saphenous nerve

231
Q

Cutaneous nerves of gluteal region and posterior thigh include

A

Superior cluneal nerves, middle cluneal nerves, inferior cluneal nerves, and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves

232
Q

Superior cluneal nerve innervation

A

dorsal rami of L1-L3

233
Q

Middle cluneal nerve innervation

A

dorsal rami of S1-S3

234
Q

Inferior cluneal nerve innervation

A

ventral rami of S2-S3

235
Q

Anterior compartment of lower leg contains

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius, deep fibular nerve, and anterior tibial artery

236
Q

Lateral compartment of lower leg contains

A

fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, superficial fibular nerve, perforating anterior tibial artery, perforating fibular artery

237
Q

Posterior deep compartment of lower leg includes

A

popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery and fibular artery

238
Q

Posterior superficial compartment of lower leg includes

A

gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

MSK I muscles (2 decks)

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